天山北坡不同景观区域土地利用与生态系统功能变化分析  

Change of Land Use and Ecosystem Services Value in Different Landscape Belts in the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：吴建寨[1] 李波[1] 崇洁[1] 张新时[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源学院,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《资源科学》2008年第4期621-627,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:40435014);教育部人文社会科学项目(编号:05JD790117)

摘　　要：本文以1989年、2000年两期土地利用/覆被数据为基础,对天山北坡山地、绿洲、荒漠3个带状区域的土地利用与生态系统服务功能价值变化及其空间差异做了对比分析。结果表明:①1989年到2000年,绿洲带土地利用变化强度明显高于山地带与荒漠带,草地处于3个区域土地利用变化的核心,山地带的耕地与林地、荒漠带的未利用土地、绿洲带的未利用土地与耕地是参与变化较多的类型;②草地在3个地带中一致减少,水域、建设用地、耕地一致增加,尤其是建设用地在山地带、绿洲带的增加幅度较大,林地在山地带、荒漠带增加,绿洲带减少,未利用土地则呈现出与林地相反的变化特征;③山地带、绿洲带、荒漠带生态系统系统服务功能都在增加,增幅分别为0.78%、2.44%、0.57%;研究区整体生态环境保持了相对稳定,但局部地区恶化,绿洲带受到了最强烈的扰动,山地带相对稳定,荒漠带扰动最轻。基于3个地带在整个区域承担的不同生态功能,不同区域的开发利用要采取不同的发展政策。The northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, known as a typical wide-range, multi-hierarchy, regular mountain-basin system （MODS）, is the center of politics, economy and culture in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In recent years, environmental problems caused by population growth, industrialization and unreasonable land use have posed great challenges to regional sustainable development. Based on land use/cover data in 1989 and 2000, the change of land use and ecosystem service value in mountainous, oasis and desert area in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains was analyzed. The intensity of land use change in mountainous areas from 1989 to 2000 was obviously higher than that in oasis and desert areas. Regional land use change was dominated by Grassland in the three regions, and cropland and forestland in mountain area, unused land in desert and oasis area, and farmland in oasis were major types causing the change. Grassland area decreased in the three regions, while water coverage, construction land and cropland increased. Forestland reduced in oasis area and increased in mountain and desert area. Total values of ecosystem service in study area increased slightly from 214.26 × 10^8 Yuan to 217.20 × 10^8 Yuan, with a increase of 1.37%, which demonstrated that ecological environment in the region maintained stable. In some areas such as Manas River basin, ecological environment deteriorated seriously. Ecosystem services values in mountain, oasis and desert areas increased by 0.91 × 10^8 Yuan, 1.92 × 10^8 Yuan and 0.11 × 10^8 Yuan respectively, and net increase rates were 0.78 %, 2.44 % and 0.56 % respectively. Oasis suffered the most severe disturbance, and then followed by mountain region and desert region orderly. Various strategies for land consolidation and utilization should be adopted in different regions. Eco-environment protection should be enforced in mountain area and eco-economic function should be shifted partly. Oasis is the core zone of human activities and economic development. Th

关 键 词：土地利用/覆被 生态系统服务功能 天山北坡 山地-绿洲-荒漠 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]