制定国家综合减灾战略 提高巨灾风险防范能力  

Establishing national integrated disaster reduction strategy and improving catastrophe risk governance capacity

作　　者：史培军[1] 

机构地区：[1]地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室(北京师范大学)

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2008年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委重点项目(40535024);国家“十一五”科技支撑项目综合风险防范技术集成平台研究资助项目(2006BAB20B03)

摘　　要：阐述了国际减灾战略的三个转变,即:从单纯减灾转变为将减灾与可持续发展结合起来,从减轻灾害转变为减轻灾害风险,从国家减灾转变为全球减灾。回顾和评述了近五年我国加强减灾工作的重大行动,即:初步构建了国家和地方各主要部门与大、中型企业应急管理体系,系统制定了国家"十一五"综合减灾规划,正确引导开办农业保险和实施中央企业全面风险管理,及时提出了防范和应对全球变暖引发极端天气气候事件工作方案,全面论证了加强综合减灾能力建设的减灾战略方针。初步论述了国家综合减灾战略框架,即完成四个转变:由部门减灾转变为综合减灾,由减轻灾害转变为减轻灾害风险,由国家减灾转变为区域减灾,由加强应急响应能力建设转变为综合减灾能力建设;实施四项行动:实施国家"十一五"综合减灾规划,实施"十一五"期间国家突发公共事件应急体系建设规划,实施涉及减灾的各个行业减灾专项规划,实施大型企业综合风险(全面风险)管理工程;建设四个体系:国家综合巨灾风险防范体系,国家高灾害风险地区综合减灾范式体系,国家综合灾害风险防范信息共享体系,国家综合灾害风险防范技术服务平台体系;创新四项制度:完善条块结合、以块为主的综合减灾管理体制,以防为主,防、抗、救相结合的综合减灾运行机制,整合灾前备灾、灾中应急管理和灾后恢复与重建为一体的综合减灾协调机制,规范政府、企业、社区和公民各负其责的综合减灾系统法制。初步阐述了加强国家减灾能力的基本内容,即:制定国家综合减灾战略,加强综合减灾知识普及能力,加强综合减灾科技与学科支撑能力,加强综合减灾制度与组织保障能力,加强减灾物资储备与工程建设能力,加强综合减灾应急响应与信息保障能力,加强综合减灾恢复与重建能力,建立综合减灾范式,提高综�Three transformation of international disaster reduction strategy was presented in this paper, namely from reducing disaster merely to integrating disaster reduction with sustainable development; from reducing disaster to reducing disaster risk; from reducing disaster nationally to reducing disaster globally. Important disaster reduction actions in China in recent five year were reviewed and commented, namely establishing preliminary emergency management system for major departments at national and regional level, as well as large and medium scale enterprises; establishing national “11 th Five Year” plan for integrated disaster reduction systematically and leading establishment of agricultural insurance and implementation of integrated risk management of central enterprises correctly; proposing working scheme for coping with extreme weather/climate events induced by global wanning timely and discussing disaster reduction strategy guidelines for improving the integrated disaster reduction capacity construction roundly. Framework of national integrated disaster reduction strategy is discussed preliminary, namely, （ 1 ） four transformations to be achieved： from departmental disaster reduction to integrated disaster reduction; from reducing disaster to reducing disaster risk; from national disaster reduction to regional disaster reduction; from improving e- mergency response capacity construction to improving integrated disaster reduction capacity construction; （2） Four actions to be implemented： implementing national “11th Five Year” plan for integrated disaster reduction; implementing national construction plan for emergency events response system during the “11th Five Year”; implementing disaster reduction plan for industries related to disaster reduction; implementing management project for inte- grated risk management of large-scale enterprises; （3） Four systems to be constructed： national integrated catastrophe risk governance system; national disaster reduction paradigm system for

关 键 词：综合减灾 四个转变 四项行动 四个体系 四项制度 八项能力 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]