“民工荒”与“技工荒”并存的理论解释及证据——基于投资结构与就业均衡视角的研究  

An Analysis of Farm Labor and Skilled Worker Shortage:From the Perspective of Investment Structure and Employment Equilibrium

作　　者：张原[1] 陈凌[1] 陈建奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《财经研究》2008年第4期117-126,共10页Journal of Finance and Economics

摘　　要："民工荒"与"技工荒"并存的情况已成为困扰中国劳动力市场健康发展的难题。文章从投资结构与就业均衡视角对此进行理论模型分析,研究发现,在资本约束条件下,技术改造型资本和外延扩大型资本的迅速扩张,导致技术和非技术劳动力需求量的急剧增长,工资刚性导致劳动力供给刚性,而人力资本投资不足则导致劳动力质量上升缓慢,因而劳动力市场中技术与非技术劳动力的供需矛盾造成了"民工荒"与"技工荒"的并存。研究表明,将技术改造型资本投入和外延扩大型资本投入保持与在职培训人力资本投资的均衡增长,那么将不会产生劳动力双重短缺,即有效解决"两荒"并存的难题。This paper studies the relationship between investment structure and employment equilibrium. Using an ＂investment-employment equilibrium＂ model, we explain the labor market＇s two imbalances of China： farm labor shortage and skilled worker shortage. We find that technology improved investment＇s increase needs skilled workers＇ corresponding rise, while the extension enlarged investment＇ s great boost requires unskilled workers＇ increase, the imbalanced growth of physical capital vs. human capital investment, capital restriction and wage rigidity also are the causes of skilled and farm labor shortage.

关 键 词：投资结构 就业均衡 技工荒 民工荒 

分 类 号：F241.2[经济管理—劳动经济]