英语程度副词的等级数量含意  

The scalar quantity implicature of English degree adverbs

作　　者：黄瑞红[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学外语系,200434

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2008年第2期121-127,共7页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

摘　　要：等级数量含意常用来解释自然语言中的连接词、量词、情态词、频率副词、形容词、动词、上指关系和冠词的语用意义,但程度副词却少有涉及。本文提出,程度副词的蕴涵关系使其基本满足荷恩等级条件。根据不同的语用方向,程度副词可以分为两个荷恩等级:<绝度/极高度、高度、中度、微度副词>和<否定、准否定副词>;由于程度副词具有级阶特征,等级含意推导同样适用于程度副词的理解。Web- corp的语料检索表明,英语程度副词的等级数量含意的推导及其取消基本上可以得到自然语言验证。The crucial role of scalar quantity implicature's in understanding scalar expressions in natural language,spe- cifically certain connectives,quantifiers,modals,frequency adverbs,adjectives,verbs,anaphora and even the articles,has been widely discussed.However,the scalar implicature of degree adverbs has been ignored.This pa- per argues that the entailment relationship between degree adverbs qualifies them as a Horn scale and they can be divided into two Horn scales with respect to different pragmatic directions, namely <absolute,extremely high, high,moderate,minimal degree>and <negative,quasinegative>.It is proposed that because of their feature of scalarity scalar implicature can be applied to degree words as well. The assumption is supported by the data from Webcorp that adverbs' degree implicature can generally be cancelled for the upper level on the scale.

关 键 词：程度副词 等级数量含意 荷恩等级 等级算子 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]