应用ORYZA2000模型制定北京地区旱稻优化灌溉制度  

Establishing optimum irrigation schedules for aerobic rice in Beijing using ORYZA2000 model

作　　者：薛昌颖[1] 杨晓光[1] 邓伟[2] 张秋平[1] 闫伟兄[1] 王化琪[3] B.A.M.Bouman 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [3]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [4]国际水稻研究所,Los Banos,菲律宾

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2008年第4期76-82,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题(2006AA10Z224);国际合作项目(IRRC,CP-STAR)

摘　　要：通过优化灌溉提高水分利用效率,使有限的水资源发挥最大的效益,是推行节水农业的一个重要方面。在模型验证的基础上,利用ORYZA2000模型和多年气象资料,分析了北京地区不同降水年型条件下旱稻产量和水分利用效率与灌溉定额之间的关系,在此基础上制定不同降水年型和产量水平的北京地区旱稻优化灌溉制度。结果表明:当灌溉定额达到一定水平后,最高产量趋于不变。干旱和平水年型条件下旱稻均有较大的增产潜力,灌溉定额为300～500mm可增产约3000kg/hm2;丰水年型灌溉定额为250mm时可增产1000kg/hm2。70%、80%和90%产量潜力3个产量水平的最优灌溉制度分别需要保持根层土壤相对含水率在67%、73%和83%左右,灌水定额不宜过高,以50～60mm为宜。灌溉次数和灌溉定额随产量水平的提高而增加,并取决于实际的降水情况:干旱年型3个产量水平的灌溉次数为3～8次;平水年型为2～5次;丰水年型为1～5次。水分利用效率变化范围为0.92～1.28g/kg,受各年型降水量影响灌溉水水分利用效率变化在1.61～7.76g/kg之间,丰水年型的灌溉水水分利用效率高于平水年型和干旱年型。80%产量潜力水平时的水分利用效率最高,不同年型灌溉定额在98～239mm之间,灌溉次数为2～5次。Optimal irrigation is an important aspect to increase water use efficiency （WUE） in water-saving agriculture. In this study, relationships between yield and irrigation quota, water use efficiency and irrigation quota in different types of annual rainfall were analyzed using the validated ORYZA2000 model and the historical daily weather data from 1971 to 2000 in Beijing. Based on the analysis the optimum irrigation schedules of aerobic rice aimed at the highest irrigation water use efficiency （IWUE） were provided for three yield levels （70%, 80% and 90% of potential yield） and three rainfall year types （dry year, normal year and humid year）. Results showed that yield increased with the increase of irrigation quota firstly, but it became stable when irrigation quota reached a certain level. There was a large potential for yield increase in dry and normal years, in which yield could be increased by 3000 kg/hm^2 with the irrigation quota of 300 to 500 nun. But yield only could be increased by 1000 kg/hm^2 with the irrigation quota of 250 nun in humid years. In the optimum irrigation schedules, soil water content in root zone needed to be kept above 67%, 73% and 83% of field capacity for three yield levels of 70%, 80% and 90% yield potential, respectively, and irrigation amount each time should not be too much, from 50 to 60 mm was best. Irrigation times and irrigation quota need to increase for the increase of yield level. Irrigation times ranged from 3 to 8 in dry years, 2 to 5 in normal years and 1 to 5 in humid years for three yield levels, respectively. WUE for these irrigation schedules ranged from 0.92 to 1.28 g/kg. However, IWUE shifted in a wide range from 1.61 to 7.76 g/kg influenced by precipitation in different types of annual rainfall, and IWUE in humid years was higher than normal and dry years. Highest WUE and IWUE were obtained at 80% potential yield level for all rainfall year types, irrigation quota ranged from 98 to 239 nun in different types of annual rainfall, and generally it equa

关 键 词：旱稻 ORYZA2000模型 产量 水分利用效率 优化灌溉制度 

分 类 号：X274.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]