时间副词“一时”的三类语法意义  

The Grammatical Meanings of "Yishi" as an Adverb of Time

作　　者：丁雪欢[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院 广东广州510160

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》2008年第3期72-77,共6页Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)

摘　　要：时间副词“一时”细分为三类语法意义。一类表“短时存在”，凸显某行为或状态在一段短时间内维持不变。与“暂时”相比，此“一时”后动词所指行为状态的可控性弱、存在的时段更短、否定式更多、陈述更客观。二类表“瞬间突发”，凸显某行为或状态是在某种条件刺激下瞬间突发的反应；所叙事件具有突发性、非可控性；“一时”后动词具有“终结性”语义特征；“一时”句往往为语篇中的后续句。与前分句构成条件——结果关系。三类表“临时变异”，凸显某行为或状态发生的临时偶然性；可作为始发句用来表示其后续句所述现象的原因。三类“一时”应根据其自然度高低确定合适的教学顺序。＂Yishi＂ as an adverb of time has three types of grammatical meaning. The first type indicates ＂an action or state exists for a short time＂ and is similar to ＂Zanshi＂. Compared with ＂Zanshi＂, the action or state modified by ＂Yishi＂ lasts shorter, and is difficult to control but more objective in description with more negative forms. The second type stresses an action or state that has happened suddenly under some stimulation with the features of un -expectation. The verbs modified by ＂Yishi＂ have the semantic features of termination and ＂Yishi＂ sentences are often used as follow - up sentences and form a conditional - causal relation. The third type stresses the provisionality and contingency of an action or state and can be used as the beginning sentence. The three types of ＂Yishi＂ sentences should be taught according to their hierarchy of naturalness.

关 键 词：时间副词“一时” 语法意义 对比 凸显 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]