肯尼亚珊瑚礁泻湖所用渔具的财务比较  

Financial Comparisons of Fishing Gear Used in Kenya's Coral Reef Lagoons

作　　者：Stephen C. Mangi Callum M. Roberts Lynda D. Rodwell 静莹（译） 李应仁（校） 

机构地区：[1]普利茅斯海洋实验室博士后 [2]约克大学海洋保护领域教授 [3]School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK [4]不详

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2007年第B12期632-637,673,共6页

摘　　要：本文通过评估肯尼亚南部多种渔具渔业的捕鱼成本以及渔民利用小型及大型定网、刺网、地曳网、手钓和叉鱼枪等渔具所获得的收入,确定了渔具使用的财务依据。文中采用直接观察、对捕鱼带头人和船长等关键知情人的访谈等方法收集渔获量、渔具的成本、渔船、以及鱼类价格等数据。在所采用的渔具中,叉鱼枪的月使用成本最低(每月1美元);大型定网的月使用成本最高(每月13美元)。投入资金成本的地曳网捕鱼者收益最高(每月183美元);没有投入资金成本的地曳网捕鱼者收益最低(每月20美元)。获取的收入和渔具的收益率有一个直接的正相关关系。本文利用财务手段把每种渔具对鱼类及其栖息地的损害分为4个等级,结果表明成本低的渔具对环境造成的破坏最为严重,显示出渔具的成本和环境健康之间存在一种权衡取舍的关系。The cost of fishing and the income earned by fishers using small and large traps,gill nets,beach seines,hand lines,and spearguns were assessed in the multigear fishery of southern Kenya to establish a financial rationale for fishing gear use.Direct observations and key-informant interviews with fish leaders and boat captains were used to gather data on fish catch,cost of fishing gear, boats,and the price of fish.Among the fishing gear used,spearguns had the lowest monthly cost (USD 1 mo^(-1)) while big traps had the highest (USD 13 mo^(-1)). Income was highest among capital cost beach seine fishers (USD 183 mo 1) and lowest among noncapital cost beach seine fishers (USD 20 mo^(-1)).There was a direct positive correlation between income earned and profitability of gear.Correlation of the financial measure for each gear to four categories of damage to fish and habitats showed that low cost fishing gear were associated with the highest environmental damage indicating a trade-off between cost of gear and environmental health.

关 键 词：肯尼亚 渔具 财务 珊瑚礁 使用成本 泻湖 资金成本 环境健康 

分 类 号：S972[农业科学—捕捞与储运] F275[农业科学—水产科学]