汽油降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性  

Studies on Isolation and Characterization of Gasoline Degrading Bacteria

作　　者：贾彩云[1] 刘红玉[1] 曾光明[1] 张林达[1] 武金装[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学环境科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2008年第3期146-150,共5页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2004AA649370);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(05JJ30021)

摘　　要：以长沙市环保塑胶炼油厂排污口的污泥为菌源,经过富集筛选、分离纯化得到一株能以汽油为唯一碳源和能源进行生长的细菌,命名为Z菌.通过形态学观察、生理生化特征鉴定,结合16S rDNA扩增、测序,运用BLAST检索分析,建立系统进化树.结果表明:Z菌的形态及主要生理生化特征与芽孢杆菌属一致,而且与蜡状芽孢杆菌(AH1134)的16S rDNA序列有较高的同源性(相似度为99%);在系统发育树上构成一个分支.由此确定该汽油降解菌为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).Z菌降解汽油的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为8.0,最适降解的ρ(汽油)为500 mg/L,72 h内降解率为79.4%.能较好利用的碳源是蔗糖和葡萄糖,以硫酸铵为氮源,生长量最好.A bacterium capable of utilizing gasoline as sole carbon source was isolated from the sludge discharged from Changsha Environmental Plastic Oil Factory. This bacterium was identified by biochemical, physiological and the similarity analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence. The results of traditional method showed that the strain Z was identical with Bacillus. Its 16S rDNA sequence shared 99% homologies with Bacillus cereus （AHl134）, which was a published sequence of relative bacteria from GenBank, and both sequences constituted a branch in phylogenetic tree. Therefore, the strain Z was considered as one strain of Bacillus cereus. The optimal pH and temperature for the degradation were 8.0 and 37℃, respectively. And the optimum C, N source in the culture medium were sugar, glucose and （ NH4 ）2 SO4. Under the best habitat, the degeneration rate of oil in 72 hours was 79.4% while gasoline-degrading strain was cultured in an inorganic medium in which the mass concentration of the gasoline was 500 mg/L.

关 键 词：汽油 降解菌 筛选分离 降解特性 16S RDNA 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]