从“容”、“许”、“保”等动词看一类情态词的形成  

Another source of modal verbs and modal adverbs:the cases of rong(容) "permit",xu(许) "allow" and bao(保) "promise"

作　　者：李明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中国语文》2008年第3期228-238,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文主要选取"容/许、烦/劳、许/准、欲、保"等几个动词,讨论它们如何由带小句宾语的动词,演变为情态动词、出现于提升结构,或者演变为情态副词。本文说明它们的语义变化并不是子句主语在表层的提升带动的,而是在特定句式的重新分析过程中实现的。带小句宾语的动词要转变为情态词,基本前提是母句主语不出现;对其中部分动词而言,重新分析要求子句主语也不能出现。汉语"代词脱落"(pro-drop)的特征,是这些动词在句法上发生重新分析、在语义上发生变化的重要因素。This paper deals with some verbs with clausal complements in Chinese,such as rong(容)/xu(许)'permit',fan(烦)/lao(劳)'bother',xu(许)/zhun(准)'allow,authorize',yu(欲)'want',bao(保)'promise',and discusses how they develop into modal verbs by occurring in raising structures,or into modal adverbs.It suggests that it is not the embedded subject raising at surface structure that motivates the change of verbal meanings.Rather,the semantic change is realized and accompanied by syntactic reanalysis.Reanalysis for these verbs is possible only when matrix subject is null and,for some of verbs,the embedded subject also drops.The nature of a pro-drop language is essential to the syntactic reanalysis and semantic change of these verbs in Chinese.

关 键 词：带小句宾语的动词 情态 提升结构 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]