科举试赋:由才性之辨到朋党之争——以唐宋两代为中心的考察  

Testing Prose Poems in the Imperial Examination in Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：孙福轩[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国语言文学系,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2008年第3期150-158,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省教育厅课题资助项目(20070094)

摘　　要：科举试赋始于唐朝,起初以"赋兼才学"为核心,经学家、古文家、辞赋家讨论的是辞赋取士能否为国家择选真正的饱学之士。然而从唐代中后期至两宋,尤其是随着政治层面党争的加剧,文学意义上的辞赋取士与经义取士衍变为政治斗争的工具,使得试赋之争具有浓厚的意气之嫌与党争色彩,由此辞赋的创作就不单纯是辞赋"因体代变"的纯粹文学意义上的变革,而具有了时代思潮、政党之见、君子小人之辨的政治品格。唐宋两代的科举试赋只有从这个维度上去理解,才能阐发其中的历史流变和时代特征。Testing prose poems （赋） in the Imperial Examination, as a way of selecting qualified personnel, began in the Tang Dynasty, with ＂selecting persons with talents and learning and excellence in writing good prose poems＂ as the core. At the beginning, what the Confucian Schools, the classical literature schools and prose poem schools debated was whether ＂testing prose poem in the Imperial Examination＂ could help in selecting truly qualified persons for the country. During the period from Middle Tang Dynasty down to the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, with the Cabal＇s Scramble intensifying, the Imperial Examination gradually evolved into a political struggle, which gave the debate on testing prose poems a thick Cabal＇s Scramble color. As a result, the writing of prose poem, no longer simply a transformation in literature, became something political which embodied the contemporary thoughts, the views of different political parties, and ＂the differentiation between gentlemen and small men＂. The changes of Testing prose poems in the Imperial Examination, as well as its features in different periods, could be explored and expounded from this dimension.

关 键 词：科举 试赋 才性之辨 朋党之争 谀颂 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]