北方旱作条件下玉米施用氮肥对氮吸收和淋溶的影响  

The Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Leaching and Absorption under Spring Corn in Dry Arears of North China

作　　者：郭建华[1] 赵春江[1] 孟志军[1] 王秀[1] 马伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《土壤通报》2008年第3期562-565,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40571118);国家"863"项目(2006AA10Z271)资助

摘　　要：实验研究了北方自然降雨情况下,玉米生育期间的氮素淋溶。结果表明,氮肥的施用量对土壤中硝态氮的积累和移动有影响,氮肥施用量超过300kg hm-2时,0～40cm土层硝态氮累积量明显增加,50cm的土层硝态氮的累积达到高峰;50cm以下土壤中硝态氮累积量逐渐降低,100cm土层施肥处理的硝态氮累积量明显高于对照;从经济效益方面分析,氮肥最佳施肥量为200kg hm-2,过量施肥并不能获得高的经济效益;从环境方面分析,氮肥用量超过150kg hm-2就会发生氮素淋溶。Nitrogen fertilizer is a potential contaminant of the ground water. The purpose of study was to determine influence of fertilizer application rate on the N movement in the soil during crop season. The experiment showed that,the nitrogen rate had influence on the N movement in the soil. While application of fertilizer N over the 300kg hm^-2 ,the nitrate accumulation increased in 0-40cm soil layer, and the accumulation peak was in the 50cm layer. After the 50cm the nitrate was decreased gradually. The soil nitrate accumulation of N treatment was greater than the no nitrogen in the 100cm. The economic nitrogen fertilizer was 200kg hm^-2. While the nitrogen fertilizer was over 150kg hm^-2 the nitrate leaching will occurr under the spring corn in the dry areas of north China.

关 键 词：氮肥 土壤硝态氮 淋溶 累积 春玉米 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]