CO_2浓度升高对茴香植株生长、精油含量和组分的影响  

EFFECTS OF CO_2 CONCENTRATION ON PLANT GROWTH, CONTENTS AND COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE)

作　　者：任安祥[1] 何金明[1] 肖艳辉[1] 王羽梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]韶关学院英东生物工程学院,广东韶关512005

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2008年第3期698-703,共6页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370151)

摘　　要：采用每日定时向密封人工气候室补充CO2的方法,研究了3种CO2浓度(平均浓度分别为287.11、532.88和780.46μmol·mol-1)对茴香(Foeniculum vulgare)生长、精油含量和组分的影响。结果表明:随着CO2浓度的升高,茴香的株高、花序数、花序鲜重、花序干重、全株干重和植株的干物率均有所上升;植株可溶性糖和全碳含量不断升高,而全氮和蛋白氮含量不断减少;叶色素含量呈下降趋势,叶绿素a/b比的差异不显著;植株精油含量(分别为1.26、1.45和1.57ml·(100g)-1DW)和单株精油产量(分别为0.019、0.023和0.033ml)均随之升高。从茴香植株的精油中鉴定出22种成分,用不同浓度的CO2处理,精油的成分种类没有差异,成分相对含量却有差别,差异达到极显著水平的有:α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、对聚伞花素、反式葑醇乙酸酯和顺式茴香脑;含量差异达到显著水平的有:香桧烯、水芹烯、罗勒烯、γ-萜品烯、3,4-二甲基-2,4,6-三烯、爱草脑、葑醇乙酸酯、古巴烯、金合欢烯和吉玛烯。茴香精油的主要成分反式茴香脑的含量(分别为55.94%、57.20%和59.55%)随着CO2浓度的升高而升高,而柠檬烯含量(29.60%、30.24%和26.12%)表现出相反的趋势,二者在不同的CO2浓度处理之间差异均不显著。Aims The primary metabolism and secondary metabolism of plants are influenced by elevated CO2 concentration. There are many studies on primary metabolism, but few on secondary metabolism; therefore, we studied the effect of CO2 concentration on plant growth （primary metabolism）, contents and components of es- sential oil （secondary metabolism） in fennel （Foeniculum vulgare）. Methods After adding CO2 at three concentration levels （287.11, 532.88 and 780.46 μmol· mol^- 1 ） to a sealed phytotron for 70 days, we investigated plant growth, contents and components of essential oil in fennel. Important findings Plant height, inflorescence number, fresh and dry weight of inflorescence, whole plant dry weight and dry mass ratio increased, while node number and whole plant fresh weight did not change significantly. Soluble sugar and total carbon increased continuously, while total nitrogen and protein nitrogen exhibited the opposite trend. Pigment content in leaves decreased, but chlorophyll a/b ratio was not significantly different among plants. Contents of essential oil and yields of essential oil per plant were improved under ele- vated CO2 concentrations. We identified 22 kinds of components in essential oil, but there were no differences in components of essential oil among different CO2 concentration treatments. However, α-pinene, β-pinene, myreene, p-cymene, tran-fenchyl acetate and （Z）-anethole were significantly different in relative contents of components （p 〈 0.01 ）, and sabinene, phellandrene, ocimene, γ-terpinene, 2, 4, 6-octatriene, 3, 4- dimethyl-, estragole, fenchyl acetate, copaene, fanesene and germacrene were significantly different （p 〈 0.05）. Contents of （E）-anethole in essential oil increased under elevated CO2 concentrations, while contents of limonene decreased, but differences between contents of （ E）-anethole and those of limonene were not significant.

关 键 词：茴香 生长 精油 CO2浓度 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]