空天飞行器建模分析与自主重构  

Modeling Analysis and Autonomous Reconfiguration of Aerospace Vehicle

作　　者：池沛[1] 杨艳艳[1] 陈宗基[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《航空学报》2008年第B05期163-169,248,共8页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(90205011;60774063)

摘　　要：空天飞行器(ASV)跨临近空间飞行,具有高超声速、大飞行包线、参数时变等特征,必须应对故障、环境变化等高度不确定因素进行自主重构。研究和建立了ASV运动学模型,分析了时域、频域特性以及参数变化和运动特性,研究了纵向静稳定性、舵面操纵特性等与高度、马赫数的关系;提出了自主重构方案,给出了一种控制效益在线估计算法,提出并证明了可估计的充分条件;提出了基于模糊逻辑的线性规划重构算法,根据控制效益的实时估计结果对冗余异类效应器智能地进行控制分配。数值仿真验证了估计算法的稳定性和鲁棒性,说明该方案能够实现飞行器自主适应性重构,可应用于临近空间飞行器自适应控制等领域。Aerospace vehicles （ASVs） are designed to fly in near space with a huge range of flying envelop, which is hyper-sonic, time-varying and accompanied by significant uncertainties during the whole flying process. ASV must perform autonomous control reconfiguration to deal with the variation of control effectiveness resulted from the environments and faults. The motion model of ASV is developed and the model characteristics are detailedly analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The relationship of longitudinal stability with Mach number, the relationships of control surface maneuverability with flying height and Mach number, all are analyzed. An autonomous control reconfiguration scheme is presented. The estimation algorithm of control effectiveness is investigated; the corresponding conditions of estimable system are assumed and the stability is proved. The reconfiguration algorithm based on linear-programming and fuzzy logic is proposed to perform the intelligent control allocation among redundant control effecters according to the time-varying effectiveness. The numerical simulations illustrate the stabilities and robustness of the estimation algorithm. The reconfiguration scheme is shown to be autonomous and adaptive, which can be applied to many fields, including adaptive control of near-space vehicle.

关 键 词：空天飞行器 高超声速 不确定性 控制效益 自主控制重构 

分 类 号：V249[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]