提高列车在城区铁路平交道口的可见性  

Improving the Conspicuity of Trains at Railway Level Crossings in City Zone

作　　者：张乐乐[1] 谭南林[1] 张新华[1] 方卫宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2008年第3期128-132,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2005Z009)

摘　　要：穿越铁路平交道口人员不能准确判断列车的到来,主要是受眼睛视觉区域、对列车到达道口时间估计及对运行列车危险性认识这3种行为特征的影响。通过计算和分析确定:行人安全通过道口的时间为10 s,机动车在到达道口时需要制动的安全距离为28 m;列车信号示警的最小有效距离为333 m;鸣笛示警的声级值在声源轴向333 m处应大于75 dB,在侧向30 m处应小于80 dB。据此提出采用新型音响示警系统和灯光示警系统。新型音响示警系统采用具有指向性好、模拟风笛频谱特性的非制式电笛,新型灯光示警系统采用的头灯不变,加大辅助照明灯的灯碗散角,同时增加闪烁功能。通过试验测试和实际应用测试,结果表明新型示警系统能够满足环保和安全的要求,示警效果良好。Such factors as peripheral vision of human, estimation of train arrival time and recognition of train hazard will directly affect whether people at crossings will exactly judge the incoming of trains. Based on these, the safety postulate of railway crossings has been submitted including the safety time of pass crossings is 10 s, safety brake distance before the motor vehicles reach the crossings is 28 m, the least available acoustic and light alerting distance of locomotive is 333 m. The warning condition of acoustic alerting have two aspects, one is the acoustic level should not be lower than 75 dB along the axial direction at 333 m. The other is the acoustic level should not surpass 80 dB near 30 m from the rails on the two sides. The new acoustic, light alerting systems have been applied to improve the conspicuity of locomotives. The main equipment is the non-service pattern electronic horn with better directive property and simulative whistle sound spectrum characteristics. The new light alerting system has been established by adding the angle and flashing function of the auxiliary lights. By experimental test and practical application, the results show that the new acoustic, light alerting systems have satisfied the requirements of environmental protection and safety, and the warning effect is better.

关 键 词：铁路平交道口 列车可见性 示警系统 道口安全 

分 类 号：U298.55[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]