食物在贻贝棘尾虫(原生动物,纤毛虫)细胞内的消化过程  

Intracellular digestive process of food in a fresh water ciliate Stylonychia mytilus(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Hypotrichida)

作　　者：陈晶 关萍[1] 邱子健[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命与环境科学学院

出　　处：《动物学报》2008年第3期510-516,共7页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(No.30370162)~~

摘　　要：利用免疫荧光显微术、透射电镜及电镜酶细胞化学技术对食物在腹毛类纤毛虫——贻贝棘尾虫细胞内的消化过程进行了追踪观察。食物在进入消化腔隙的初期,外面包被着一层膜结构,但此外层膜很快被消化而消失;尔后食物在贻贝棘尾虫体内的消化过程可分为两种方式:一种方式为直接在消化腔隙内完成,此过程同1982年Kauletal.和Dassetal.的报道;而另一部分食物的消化过程表现为食物逐步向细胞质内突入,以致最终完全被细胞质包围形成一被膜包裹的圆泡状结构;在此过程中,细胞质边缘突出众多含有酸性磷酸酶等物质的小囊泡结构,小囊泡与食物融合,其内的酸性磷酸酶等水解酶释放出来,食物的表膜逐渐瓦解,个体逐渐变小,最终消化后的营养物质被释放到细胞的消化腔隙内;这种食物通过胞口与胞咽达消化腔隙后,再由细胞质将其包裹形成的食物泡,我们称之为"后成食物泡"。这两种消化方式与贻贝棘尾虫的消化胞器为一腔隙结构相适应。The whole intracellular digestive process of the hypotfichous ciliate Stylonychia mytilus was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electronmicroscopical enzyme cytochemical techniques. Initially, when food entered the digestive system, food was surrounded by two membranous structures, but very soon the outer layer was digested and then vanished. Thereafter, the digestive process could be divided into two types. In the first, food was digested directly in the digestive channel system as Kaul et al. （1982） and Dass et al. had reported. In the second food gradually penetrated into the cytoplasm, and was finally surrounded by cytoplasm and a single-layered membraneous vacuolar structure was formed. During this process at the edge of the cytoplasm, many vesicles which contained substances including acid phosphatase were visible. When the vesicles fused with food, hydrolases such as acid phosphatase were released. The pellicle of food gradually disintegrated, and became smaller. Finally, the digested nutrients were released into the digestive system. These vacuoles were named as ＂secondary food vacuoles＂. These two digestive processes occur in association with the digestive channel structure organelle of Stylonychia mytilus. It is uncertain which process is more advanced, or that these processes only occur in Stylonychia mytilus.

关 键 词：纤毛虫 贻贝棘尾虫 免疫荧光显微术 透射电镜术 酸性磷酸酶 消化过程 

分 类 号：Q95-3[生物学—动物学]