日粮中添加油料籽实对奶牛生产性能及乳脂脂肪酸组成的影响  

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Different Oil Seeds on Production Performance and Milk Fatty Acids of Dairy Cows

作　　者：尹福泉[1] 嘎尔迪[2] 刘瑞芳[2] 于磊[2] 卢寿锋 齐智利[4] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学农学院,湛江524088 [2]内蒙古农业大学动物科技学院,呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古鄂尔多斯市东胜区家畜改良站,东胜017000 [4]华中农业大学动物科技学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2008年第3期261-267,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(30060061)

摘　　要：本文旨在研究在日粮中添加油料籽实对中国荷斯坦奶牛乳脂肪酸组成及生产性能的影响,为提高奶牛乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量,改善乳品质寻找合适的途径。试验选取16头泌乳前期(62±11)d、胎次一致(3胎)、泌乳量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组(对照组、菜籽组、亚麻籽组、葵花籽组),每组4头。试验共进行40d(预试期10d,正试期30d),分别在正试期第1天、第15天和第30天测定乳产量、分析乳成分,用气相色谱仪分析乳脂肪酸组成。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加油料籽实,显著提高了奶牛的泌乳性能(P<0.05),降低了乳脂率(P<0.05),对乳中其他常规成分影响差异不显著(P>0.05);日粮中添加葵花籽后乳脂中CLA含量提高98.28%(P<0.05)。菜籽组、亚麻籽组、葵花籽组的乳脂中C14:0和C16:0的含量分别比对照组降低了17.86%和26.75%、15.99%和27.18%、21.99%和21.74%。乳脂中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量分别比对照组提高40.83%、47.06%和41.52%(P<0.05)。乳脂中的t11-C18:1(x)与CLA(y)的比例(%)存在正相关性,y=0.34x+0.20,R2=0.6962(P<0.01)。日粮中添加植物油籽显著提高了乳脂中CLA、PUFA的比例,降低了C14:0和C16:0的比例,改善了乳脂的构成,提高了乳品质。To search an appropriate way for improving the CLA content in milk fat and the milk quality, sixteen Holstein dairy cows were selected to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of different oil seeds rich in Inner Mongolia on production performance and milk fatty acids of dairy cows. Sixteen early-lactation （62 ± 11） DIM dairy cows were selected in a completely randomized design and dividcd into Control group, Rapeseed group, Flaxseed group and Sunflower seed group. Total duration of the experiment was 40 days （10 days for adaptation and 30 days for tiral period）. Milk yield and composition were measured and analyzed on the 1^st day, the 15^th day and the 30^th day in the trial period. The composition of milk fatty acids were analyzed by using gas chromatograph. The results showed that compared with the control group, （1） the milk production was significantly increased（P〈0.05）and the milk fat percentage was decreased（P〈0.05）after adding oil seeds, while no significant difference was detected in other milk components among the groups（P〉0.05）; （2） CLA content in Sunflower seed group was significantly increased by 98.28% （P〈0.05）; （3） the proportions of C14 ： 0 and C16 ： 0 were decreased , by 17.86% and 26.75% in Rapeseed group, 15.99% and 27.18% in Flaxseed group, and 21.99% and 21.74% in Sunflower seed group, respcctively; （4） the proportions of poly-unsaturated fatty acids（PUFA） were increased by 40.83% in Rapeseed group, 47.06% in Flaxseed group and 41.52% （P〈0.05） in Sunflower seed group respectively; （5） there was a positive correlation between proportions of tll-C18 ： 1 （x） and CLA （y） in milk fat from cows, and the equation was.. y = 0.34x ＋ 0.20, （R^2 = 0. 696 2, P〈0.01）. Feeding oil seeds increased the proportions of fatty acids（CLA and PUFA） significantly, and decreased the contents of C14 ： 0 and C16 ： 0 in milk fat. Therefore, supplementation with oil seeds was an economical option to improve the milk

关 键 词：油料籽实 奶牛 乳脂脂肪酸 共轭亚油酸 

分 类 号：S823.912[农业科学—畜牧学] TS221[农业科学—畜牧兽医]