海洛因戒除者的行为冲动性：基于DDT和IGT任务反应模式的探讨  

Impulsivity in Heroin Abstainers: Reaction Pattern Based on the Delay-Discounting Task and the Iowa Gambling Task

作　　者：张锋[1] 周艳艳[2] 李鹏[2] 沈模卫[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系,宁波315211 [2]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028

出　　处：《心理学报》2008年第6期642-653,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(07JZD0029);浙江大学学科交叉预研基金项目(812651)

摘　　要：以61名男性海洛因戒除者和32名正常成年男性为被试,探讨了海洛因戒除者在延迟折扣任务和Iowa赌博任务两种决策条件下的冲动性反应模式及其关系。结果发现,海洛因戒除者的决策行为受其对即时强化的超敏感性或"即时收益优先"模式控制,其高冲动性特质既表现为对强化物长远价值的非敏感性,又表现为对强化物潜在风险的耐受性;该类人群上述两方面的特征虽有一定关联,但二者分别反应了其行为冲动性的两个相对独立的维度,且具有跨戒除时相的相对稳定性。Impulsive drug-seeking has been one of typical characteristics of all drug - dependent individuals （Altman et al., 1996; Dawe et al., 2004; Dom, Hulstijn, et al., 2006）, and questionnaire assessments based on self-reporting have been essentially taken as the conclusive metrical method of assessing impulsivity in the population. However, due to the varieties of meanings of ＂impulsivity＂ （Evenden, 1999; Dougherty et al., 2005）, the correlation between the results of self - reporting and those of laboratory tasks has been marginal, or even rather weak （Dom, D＇Haene, et al., 2006; Moeller et al., 2001; Reynolds et al., 2006; Dom et al., 2007）. Moreover, researchers have pointed out that behavioral measures of impulsivity may be a better predictor of relapse risk than any measure utilizing self - reporting. In laboratory methods used to assess impulsivity, the Delay - Discounting Task （DDT） and Iowa Gambling Task （IGT） have been widely adopted to explore the high impulsivity characteristic of drug- dependent individuals. The DDT was propitious in assessing ＂myopic＂ behavior for future values in humans （Green et al., 1994; Rachlin ＆ Siegel, 1994; Kirby ＆ Hermstein, 1995）, but the function of IGT has remained unclear, as is its relationship with that of DDT （Bartzokis et al., 2000; Bechara, 2003; Monterosso et al., 2001; Dom et al., 2007）. It is thus assumed in the present study that the high impulsivity characteristic of drug- dependent individuals is not only represented as a hyposensitivity to immediate rewards and an insensitivity to delayed value, but also as an immediate win - priority selection pattern and a tolerance to high risk. The present study explores the impulsive reaction patterns and the relationship in win - risk coincidence situations and delayed reinforcement situations in heroin abstainers in different abstinence phases. In the present study, 61 male heroin abstainers （19 -38 years old, M =29;25, SD =4.17） in a variety of abstinence phases （1 -26 mont

关 键 词：海洛因戒除者 行为冲动性 延迟折扣任务 风险决策任务 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] R395[哲学宗教—心理学]