字频和预存表征对相继记忆效应的影响  

Effects of Character Frequency and Preexisting Representation on the Subsequent Memory Effect

作　　者：刘聪慧[1] 郭春彦[2] 丁锦红[2] 俞国良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理研究所,北京100872 [2]首都师范大学教科院心理系,北京100037

出　　处：《心理学报》2008年第6期662-670,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:30570603);北京市重点《学习与认知》实验室及北京市属市管高校人才强教计划资助项目

摘　　要：采用学习-再认研究范式和事件相关电位方法,研究高频字、低频字、假字和非字的相继记忆效应(Dm效应)。18名大学生为被试,根据其测验结果将刺激分成记住和未记住两类,对相应编码过程的ERPs进行分析。结果表明:(1)真字中发现了相继记忆效应,低频字比高频字的相继记忆效应更大,随后正确再认的ERPs比不能正确再认的ERPs有更大的晚正成份;(2)非字中的相继记忆效应比真字中的效应更大,出现的时间也较早(140m s^200m s),而假字中没有发现显著的相继记忆效应。这些结果表明,字频是影响相继记忆效应的重要因素,高、低频字的相继记忆效应可能存在不同的神经机制,而预存表征不是相继记忆效应出现与否的前提条件。The late positive component （LPC） difference based on later memory performance is called the Dm effect. Many studies have shown that the LPC for items recognized in a subsequent memory test was more positive than for those that were not recognized. This effect was moderated by many factors, such as material type, encoding or orientating tasks, testing format, and study - test relationship. Most of the existing studies found that the low - frequency words showed a greater Dm effect than did the high - frequency words. However, some researchers did not fred a significant Dm effect for high-frequency words. In addition, there is no consistency in whether or not access to preexisting representation is a prerequisite for the emergence of the Dm effect. In order to test the hypothesis that the Dm effect depends on accessing preexisting representation and to further explore the role of word frequency in the Dm effect, the present ERP study was designed to investigate the temporal and spatial distributions of the Dm effects for high/low - frequency characters, pseudocharacters, and noncharacters. Eighteen healthy undergraduates participated in this study. There were seven blocks in the experiment including three real character blocks and four pseudo and noncharacter blocks. In each real character block, 118 characters （8 filler characters, 12 targets, and 98 study characters） were selected and presented on the screen during the study phase, after which the participants had to perform a test with 98 other additional characters. In each pseudo/noncharacter block, 78 stimuli （7 filler characters, 9 targets, and 62 study pseudo/noncharacter） were presented on the screen during the study phase, which was followed by a test phase with 62 additional pseudo/noncharacters. In each block, the stimuli were randomly presented on the screen for 200ms. The duration between the onset of a stimulus and the very beginning of the next adjacent trial was randomized between 1400ms to 1800ms. The task was to determine whether or

关 键 词：事件相关电位(ERPs) 相继记忆效应 预存表征 字频 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]