传递性推理的认知与脑机制探讨  

The Cognitive and Neural Basis of Transitive Inference

作　　者：杨娟[1] 邱江[1] 张庆林[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院

出　　处：《心理科学》2008年第3期663-666,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：西南大学重点学科基础心理学(NSKD06002)资助

摘　　要：以抽象的内容作为实验材料,测定12名大学生在完成四种不同格式的传递性推理任务时的事件相关电位(ERP),探讨传递性推理过程的认知机制与脑内时程动态变化。结果发现,被试解决四种不同类型推理题目时的正确率和反应时差异均不显著;但是"谁最大"提问方式的正确率显著高于"谁最小"提问方式,另外,在任务类型①与④中"谁最大"提问方式的反应时显著短于"谁最小"提问方式。脑电数据结果表明,不同任务类型下,不同提问方式所诱发的ERP波形基本一致。空间表象模型与语言学模型都不能很好地解释以上结论,这似乎表明推理过程是很复杂的,人们往往会采用不同的信息加工策略来解决不同的推理问题,从而激活不同的大脑区域和神经通路。Using high-density event-related brain potentials （ERPs）, the authors made an spatio-temporal analysis of brain activation and cognitive mechanism during four different formats of transitive inference task execution performed in 12 normal young participants. These results showed that there was no difference between inference tasks in accuracy and RTs; however, the accuracy of ＂which one is the biggest＂ was significantly higher than ＂which one is the smallest＂. The RTs of ＂which one is the biggest＂ was significantly shorter than ＂which one is the smallest＂ in task types①and④. The ERP components elicited by different task types and different question types were almost the same. These results showed that the inference process was so complex that the visual-spatlal process framework and the language process framework failed to provide a satisfactory explanation. People chose different information processing strategies to solve different inference tasks which as a result, activated different brain regions and neural pathways.

关 键 词：传递性推理 空间表象模型 语言-表象混合模型 事件相关电位(ERP) 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]