沈阳市交通生态足迹的时间序列分析  

Time-Series Analysis of Shenyang's Traffic Ecological Footprint

作　　者：孙鹏[1] 王青[1] 刘建兴[1] 顾晓薇[1] 李广军[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与生态经济研究中心,沈阳110004

出　　处：《资源科学》2008年第6期864-869,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部优秀中青年教师基金项目资助(编号:1711)

摘　　要：对沈阳市交通足迹总体形势、各种交通工具的生态效率变化进行了较为详细的分析，研究结果表明：①沈阳市1995年～2004年交通足迹连年增加，且其增长率高于客运量，环境恶化速度快于经济增长速度；②总的看，沈阳市交通的生态效率有所提高，但近几年出现下降趋势，分析其主要原因在于对客运量贡献最大的公共交通生态效率这期间出现了下降的趋势；③无论从总量上还是增长率，小轿车对城市交通足迹均有较显著的影响，是对交通足迹贡献最大的交通工具。由于交通生态效率最低、环境压力指数远高于其他交通工具，小轿车对沈阳市交通环境压力的影响和冲击最显著（其他交通工具相对较小）。通过沈阳市地铁工程运营前后情景预测和对比可知，地铁工程将能缓解沈阳市未来交通环境的压力。This paper presents results from research on Shenyang traffic patterns and changes in the ecological efficiency of different types of vehicles. The ecological traffic footprint of Shenyang increased annually from 1995 to 2004, with a growth rate higher than passenger capacity and a rate of environmental deterioration faster than the rate of economic growth. On the whole, the ecological efficiency of Shenyang traffic has improved over time, but declined again in recent years. The major reason is that the ecological efficiency of public transportation, which makes the largest contribution to passenger capacity, decreased during the study period. Based on both total volume and growth rate, cars had a major influence on the urban traffic footprint. The ecological efficiency of cars is the lowest of all vehicle types, and the environmental pressure index is much higher than other vehicles, so the influence and impact of cars on the overall environmental pressure of traffic in Shenyang is significant. From comparison of periods before and after the operation of the subway project, we expect that the subway will relieve some environmental pressures of Shenyang traffic. In terms of the ecological footprint, the ecological efficiency of the subway is the highest, so subway construction will make an obvious improvement in relieving environmental pressure. The ecological efficiency of cars is very low, and this traffic mode contributes more environmental pressure to urban traffic. In order to reduce the environmental pressure of urban passenger transport, we should make improvements by upgrading road facilities, increasing the use of urban public transportation, and improving loading rates for all vehicle types. We should also take powerful measures to strictly control the increase in the ecological footprint of vehicles, especially cars.

关 键 词：沈阳 城市交通 生态足迹 环境压力 生态效率 

分 类 号：U12[交通运输工程] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]