不同施肥处理下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤微生物活性及功能多样性  

Microbial activity and functional diversity in soils used for the commercial production of cucumbers and tomatoes in polytunnel greenhouse,under different fertilization

作　　者：申卫收[1] 林先贵[1] 张华勇[1] 尹睿[1] 段增强[1] 施卫明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第6期2682-2689,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(Kzcx3-sw-439)~~

摘　　要：利用土壤酶学方法、微生物培养方法及Biolog微生物自动分析系统,分析了不同施肥处理下塑料大棚种植黄瓜与番茄的土壤中微生物活性及功能多样性。结果表明,与传统施肥相比,配方施肥下塑料大棚黄瓜土壤脱氢酶活性提高了36.5%,番茄土壤脱氢酶活性则提高了66.5%,且达到了显著水平。配方施肥下塑料大棚黄瓜与番茄土壤可培养放线菌数量分别比传统施肥处理增加了30.0%和72.2%,且都达到了显著水平。Biolog结果显示,在土壤微生物培养过程中,配方施肥下塑料大棚番茄土壤微生物群落AWCD始终大于无肥处理及传统施肥处理。与传统施肥相比,配方施肥下塑料大棚黄瓜土壤微生物培养96h的AWCD增加了1.9%,番茄土壤微生物培养96h的AWCD则增加了68.5%,且达到了显著水平。配方施肥下塑料大棚番茄土壤微生物Shannon指数、Simpson指数及McIntosh指数都大于传统施肥处理,并且McIntosh指数达到了显著水平。PCA分析表明,配方施肥下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤微生物群落碳源利用能力与传统施肥处理明显不同。In this study soil enzyme analysis, microbial cultivation and Biolog analysis were employed to evaluate the microbial activity and functional diversity of soil enclosed in a polythene tunnel greenhouse or “polytunnel”, intended for the cultivation of cucumbers （ Cucumis sativus L.） or tomatoes （Lycopersicon esculentum Miller）. The results show that the dehydrogenase activity of the soil kept in the polytunnel under recommended fertilization is 36.5% higher than that under conventional fertilization. In addition the dehydrogenase activity of the polytunnel soil used to grow tomatoes under recommended fertilizer inputs significantly increased by 66.5% when compared with conventional practices. The number of culturable actinomycetes of both cucumber and tomato soils cultivated in the polytunnels significantly increased by 30.0% and 72.2%, respectively, when compared with conventional fertilization. The Biolog analyses indicate that AWCD （Average Well Color Development） in tomato soils under recommended fertilization are always greater than those under conventional or no fertilizer treatments when incubated in polytunnels. The AWCD incubated at 96 hrs in cucumber soils and in the polytunnel under recommended fertilization were 36. 5% higher than that under conventional fertilization. Similarly, in tomato soils kept in the polytunnel, the AWCD at 96 hrs under recommended fertilization had significantly increased by 68. 5% when compared with conventional fertilization. The Shannon, Simpson and McIntosh indices of polytunnel greenhouse tomato soil microbial communities under recommended fertilization were higher than those under conventional fertilization. The McIntosh index was significant at p 〈 0.05. PCA analyses suggests that carbon utilization of the soil microbial communities in the cucumber and tomato soils under recommended and conventional fertilization differ markedly from each other.

关 键 词：塑料大棚 传统施肥 配方施肥 脱氢酶活性 BIOLOG 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S154.3