甜瓜采后病害生防细菌的鉴定及生理生化特性测定  

Identification and Characterization of A Biocontrol Bacterial Strain Against Melon Postharvest Diseases

作　　者：刘鑫海[1] 王祺[1] 周洪友[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《华北农学报》2008年第3期185-189,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2006AA10A211);内蒙古农业大学学生科技创新基金资助

摘　　要：分离筛选对甜瓜采后病害具有潜在防治效果的微生物,以建立甜瓜采后病害综合防治体系。采用生物测定的方法从甜瓜表面筛选生防菌株,应用16SrDNA序列分析,并结合生理生化指标的测定进行鉴定。结果表明,从甜瓜表面分离得到1株防治效果明显且稳定的生防菌株2-17,平板对峙测定菌株2-17对采后病害3种病原菌具有明显的拮抗作用;室内生物测定表明,菌株2-17对3种病原菌的防治效果都达到了极显著的水平,特别是对于Trichotheci-umroseum防治效果最好,达到87.5%;对Fusariumspp.和Alternaria alternata的防治效果分别为78.6%和70.8%。应用16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定2-17为假单胞属(Pseudomonas);通过形态学观察、革兰氏染色、鞭毛染色以及生理生化指标的测定,2-17鉴定为P.putidabiovar A。Melon postharvest diseases cause severe economic losses during transportation, storage and on market. Application of antagonistic microbes was accepted currently as an important measure to protect melon against postharvest diseases. In our study, numerous antagonistic strains were isolated from the surface of melon fruits using a bio-assay method. One of them, strain 2-17 ,which showed the highest biological control activity was screened out and identified as a member in the genus of Pseudomonas by analyzing its 16S rDNA sequence. Further detection of physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that this strain belonged to P. putida biovar A. Strain 2-17 significantly inhibited the myceliual growth of 3 pathogenic fungi in a dual culture test. In vivo test on fruits suggested that 2-17 could suppress the 3 melon fruit diseases in high efficiencies, with 87.5 % on pink mould rot caused by Trichothecium roseum,70.8 % on black spot caused by Alternaira alternate and 78.6% on a rot disease caused by Fusarium spp.

关 键 词：甜瓜 采后病害 假单胞菌 鉴定 微生物防治 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]