晚商时期对东方地区的军事经略和主权管辖  

The Military Management and Sovereignty Control over the Eastern Territory by the Late Shang Dynasty

作　　者：周书灿[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》2008年第2期80-86,共7页Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）

基　　金：2007年度国家社会科学基金一般项目<中国早期四土经营与民族整合>。批准号:07BZS008

摘　　要：晚商时期商朝在对东土各族持续进行军事征服的同时,还在东土一带设置军事据点,屯驻师旅,抵御外族入侵,加强军事防御,此已初具捍卫国家领土主权的意义。卜辞所见商王在东土之境的田猎活动,既有经济方面的意义,又具有政治经营和军事演习的性质。商王经常不定期地到东土各地,举行一系列政治和文化活动,可以视为先秦时期巡省制度的萌芽。商王与东土诸侯之间经济方面的权利与义务关系的初步确立,对东土方国军队的调遣和指挥权的掌握,是商王在东土有效行使国家主权的重要标志。以上表明,商朝已经不再是局限于千里邦畿的国土范围狭小的邑土国家,而逐步成为真正意义上拥有一定领土主权的早期国家。The late Shang Dynasty exercised military management and sovereignty control over the nations of the eastern territory by establishing military strongholds, stationing troops, defending against the invasion of other ethnic groups, and reinforcing military defense. This series of actions had the sense of defending the national territorial sovereignty for the first time. As seen from the Shang oracle inscriptions within the eastern territory, the hunting activities by the king of Shang had economic significance and also embodied the spirit of political management and military exercise. The king of Shang carried out a series of political and cultural activities at intervals in the eastern territory, which could be viewed as the sprout of the inspection tour system in the pre-Qin period. The king also established preliminary relations over economic rights and duties with the feudal princes of the eastern territory and assumed power of maneuvering and commanding the eastern territory troops. This is an important symbol of the king of Shang exercising the state sovereignty over the eastern territory. From the above, it can be seen that the king of Shang was not a small country within limited territory, but an early country possessive of certain territorial sovereignty.

关 键 词：晚商 军事经略 政治经营 主权国家 

分 类 号：K223[历史地理—历史学]