新生儿眼病筛查的初步研究  被引量:27

A pilot study of ocular diseases screening for neonates in China

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作  者:聂文英[2] 吴汉荣[1] 戚以胜[3] 张敏[4] 侯茜[4] 杨海霞[4] 宫露霞[4] 董砚儒[5] 郭玉銮[5] 施锦娜[5] 尹素莹[6] 李平余[7] 

机构地区:[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,武汉430030 [2]济南市妇幼保健院,250001 [3]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所 [4]济南市妇幼保健院新生儿眼病筛查中心 [5]北京大学首钢总医院眼科 [6]北京大学积水潭医院眼科 [7]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心北京市眼科研究所

出  处:《中华眼科杂志》2008年第6期497-502,共6页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

基  金:吴阶平医学基金会临床科研基金资助项目(32027200501);山东省卫生厅青年科研基金资助项目(2003-51-1) 志谢首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所韩德民教授、黄丽辉博士以及相关人员给予的大力支持和帮助

摘  要:目的探讨新生儿眼病筛查的临床策略,了解新生儿眼病的发病情况。方法采用筛查方法进行研究。选择2002年10月1日至2005年4月30日出生的16800名新生儿,对其中的15398名(91.65%)新生儿进行了眼病筛查。筛查内容包括对母婴同室新生儿在生后2—7d进行筛查性评估(光刺激反应、外眼检查、红光反射检查),异常者进行诊断性检查(使用手持式裂隙灯显微镜进行进一步外眼检查,散瞳检查,必要时进行视听同步诱发电位检查);新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)新生儿于生后5—14d进行检查,并与高危因素新生儿实行眼部全面的筛查性和诊断性检查。疑似病例将被及时转诊到专业眼科进一步确诊并干预。对计数资料进行统计学描述,对两组间检出率采用Х^2检验、Fisher精确概率法检验。结果15398名新生儿中,检出新生儿眼病12种,共1266例,检出率为8.222%;其中先天性眼病7种,为809例(5.254%),包括先天性上睑下垂2例(0.013%)、先天性角膜混浊6例(0.039%)、瞳孔残膜724例(4.702%)、先天性白内障15例(0.097%)、玻璃体动脉残存54例(0.351%)、先天性鼻泪管闭锁7例(0.046%)及泪腺脱垂1例(0.007%);后天获得性眼病5种,为457例(2.968%),包括新生儿结膜炎391例(2.539%)、玻璃体出血6例(0.039%)、视网膜出血34例(0.221%)、新生儿泪囊炎23例(0.149%),另外在其中的27例体重低于1500g的未成熟儿中检出3例(6只眼)早产儿视网膜病变。正常新生儿14306例中,检出先天性眼病7种717例,检出率为5.012%,后天获得性眼病4种417例(2.915%)。NICU组1092例新生儿中,检出先天性眼病5种92例,检出率为8.425%,后天获得性眼病5种40例(3.663%)。先天性眼病在NICU组的检出率高于正常新生儿组(P=0.000),但是�Objective To explore the clinical strategies for the screening of newborn eye diseases and obtain information concerning the incidence of newborn ocular diseases. Methods Newborns in a babyfriendly nursery were evaluated for mass screening of eye diseases 2 to 7 days after birth ( including reaction to light stimulation, external ocular examination and test for pupil red reflex) and those with abnormalities were subjected to diagnostic examination (external ocular examination with a hand-held slit-lamp, pupil red reflex and mydriatic examination). Newborns in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were subjected to screening 5 to 14 days after birth and then, together with those with high risk factors, received a comprehensive examination for screening and diagnostic purposes. The suspected cases were referred to department of ophthalmology for definite diagnosis. Results Among the 15 398 (91.65%) newborns who were enrolled the screening program, 12 different eye diseases ( involving 1266 cases) were detected, with a prevalence of 8.22% . Of these eye diseases, 7 were congenital ocular diseases, involving 809 cases (5. 254% ) and including congenital ptosis in 2 cases (0. 013% ), congenital corneal opacity in 6 cases (0.039%), persistent pupillary membrane in 724 cases (4.702%), congenital cataract in 15 cases (0. 097% ), persistent hyaloid artery in 54 cases (0. 351% ), obstruction of nasolacrimal duct in 7 cases (0.046%) and lacrimal gland prolapse in 1 cases (0.007%). Five different diseases (457 cases, 2. 968% ) detected were acquired in nature, including neonatal conjunctivitis in 391 case (2. 539% ), vitreous hemorrhage in 6 cases (0. 039% ), retinal hemorrhage in 34 cases (0. 221% ), and neonatal dacryocystitis in 23 cases (0. 149% ). Of 27 premature babies with body weight lower than 1500 g, 3 had retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, 6 eyes involved). Conclusions Early intervention is of great importance for the prevention and treatment

关 键 词:眼疾病 眼畸形 患病率 婴儿 新生 

分 类 号:R686[医药卫生—骨科学]

 

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