白洋淀湿地土壤酶活性空间分布与污染物关系研究  

Spatial Distribution of Soil Enzyme Activities and the Relationship with Pollutants in Wetlands of Baiyangdian

作　　者：聂大刚[1] 王亮[1] 尹澄清[1] 王为东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境水质学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《湿地科学》2008年第2期204-211,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2006CB403306);国家自然科学基金项目(40701086)资助

摘　　要：选择白洋淀芦苇（Phragmites australia）湿地内部参与有机物质转化的磷酸酶、脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶，来认识土壤酶活性空间分布及其在湿地净化污染物过程所发挥的作用。2007年3—7月，在白洋淀芦苇湿地中进行逐月定期采样，对样品进行了测试和分析研究。结果表明，在垂直方向，湿地岸边带土壤中磷酸酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性自上而下有明显的递减规律，而且β-葡萄糖苷酶活性递减率大于磷酸酶活性，而脲酶活性垂直变化规律不明显；在水平方向，磷酸酶活性能较好地表征湿地土壤的污染和自净能力：酶活性高是对湿地土壤的高污染物浓度及可利用营养物质的积极响应；脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性分别与土壤有机物含量呈显著正相关（α=0．05，n=18；α=0．05，n=59），相关系数分别为0．529和0．640；β-葡萄糖苷酶活性与土壤全磷含量呈显著正相关（α=0．01，n=23），相关系数为0．597。Wetland can intercept and decompose the nutrients such as organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. During these processes, soil enzymes play a key role. This study investigated the soil enzyme activities of semi - natural wetlands in Baiyangdian and their relationships with pollution gradients during March to July in 2007, month by month. The results showed that the spatial distribution of soil phosphatase and β - glucosidase activities exhibited an obvious vertical stratification. The enzyme activities in surface layer were significantly higher than those in the middle and bottom layers, β - glucosidase activities had more obvious change than phosphatase＇ s, while urease activities changed little. Horizontally, phosphatase activities was a sensitive indicator of wetland pollution and self - purification capacity ; high enzyme activities well reflected the response of wetlands to nutrient and pollutant loading. The activities of urease and β- glucosidase in wetlands were significantly correlated with the contents of soil organic matter, and the correlation coefficient was 0. 529 and 0. 640, respectively.

关 键 词：湿地 土壤酶活性 脲酶 磷酸酶 Β-葡萄糖苷酶 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]