毛竹屑与玉米淀粉共液化产物制备聚氨酯泡沫研究  

POLYURETHANE FOAMS MADE FROM COMBINED LIQUEFACTION MIXTURES OF BAMBOO RESIDUES AND STARCH

作　　者：刘玉环[1] 高龙兰 罗爱香 阮榕生 刘成梅 

机构地区：[1]江西省生物质转化工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《高分子学报》2008年第6期544-549,共6页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助基金(基金号IRT0540);江西省重点攻关项目(项目号Z02698)资助项目

摘　　要：采用单因素试验设计,研究了液化剂组成、液比以及毛竹屑与淀粉的比例对液化产物理化性质、及所制备的聚氨酯泡沫材料的物理力学指标影响.结果显示当以50%乙二醇+50%碳酸亚乙酯混合物作为液化剂、添加相当于液化剂质量3%的浓硫酸为催化剂、在(150±5)℃(油浴)和常压条件下,液化150min,搅拌速度30r/min,取得本试验条件下最好的竹屑液化效果,液化产物中竹屑含量25%,残渣率3.96%,但该液化产物中天然聚合物碎片含量少,所制备的聚氨酯泡沫材料塌陷;竹屑与玉米淀粉共液化有效提高了液化产物中生物质的含量,但占液化剂质量25%竹屑+占液化剂质量125%玉米淀粉共液化产物粘度太高(8.85Pa.s);而20%竹屑+130%玉米淀粉的共液化产物与4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及各种助剂按异氰酸酯基/羟基摩尔比为1.1配合时,所制备的聚氨酯泡沫材料表观密度为33.6kg/m3、压缩强度118kPa、弹性模量6.91MPa,在周年生物降解试验中,该生物质基聚氨酯硬质泡沫失重率为12.63%.The goal of present investigation is to produce high biomass content biopolyol,which has the potential of replacing the expensive polyether polyol in manufacturing of polyurethane foams,through a thermochemical liquefaction process by using bamboo residues combined with corn starch as raw material.Single factor experimental design was adopted to test the effect of the composition of liquefaction reagent,the different liquid ratio and the proportion of bamboo to starch on the physical and chemical properties of the resulting liquefaction products.Polyurethane foam was prepared by using this liquefaction products instead of polyether polyol.Finally,the physical mechanical properties and biodegradability of the resulting polyurethane foam were determined according to the simplified ASTM D5338-98 test method. The experimental results showed that the best resulting biopolyol was obtained by using 50 wt% of ethylene carbonate＋50 wt% of ethylene glycol as complex liquefaction solvent,adding 3 wt% of fuming sulfuric acid to liquefaction solvent as catalyst,under the reaction temperature of （150±5）℃ （oil bath） and atmosphere pressure,and the reaction time lasted for 150 min with constant agitation within present experimental design.Only less than 30% of the bamboo residues can be well dissolved in the complex solvent due to the tendency of secondary condensation of the liquefied components.In order to reduce the production cost of the biopolyol by increasing its biomass content,15 wt%～25 wt% of bamboo residue combined with 125 wt%～135 wt% of corn starch over the liquefaction solvent was liquefied stepwise.The viscosity of the liquefaction mixture resulting from the combined liquefaction of 25 wt% bamboo residue and 125 wt% corn starch is as high as 8.85 Pa·s,which is not suitable for polyurethane foam preparation,and the polymer segment content in the liquefaction product of the pure bamboo residues was so low that the resulting polyurethane foam collapsed badly.When combined liquefaction mixture of 20

关 键 词：竹屑 玉米淀粉 共液化产物 聚氨酯泡沫 性能 

分 类 号：TQ328[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]