地震数据处理中的相位校正技术综述  

Review of phase correction in seismic data processing

作　　者：李振春[1] 王希萍[1] 韩文功[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学地球资源与信息学院,东营257061 [2]中石化胜利油田分公司,东营257000

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2008年第3期768-774,共7页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家“863”计划项目(2006AA06Z206);国家“973”项目(2007CB209605);CNPC物探重点实验室中国石油大学(华东)研究室资助;CNPC与中国石油大学(华东)共建地球物理重点实验室资助

摘　　要：提高地震剖面的信噪比和分辨率始终是地震数据处理中研究的重要内容.在动静校正后的同一道集内振幅和相位相同的假设条件下,地震叠加技术能明显提高资料的信噪比.实际资料中相位差问题是影响有效反射信号实现同相叠加的重要因素之一.相位校正技术能够消除子波的相位谱差异,使子波接近或达到零相位,从而达到提高叠加剖面质量的目的.对相位校正的国内外研究现状,影响相位变化的因素,相位校正的方法原理以及判别准则进行了系统的总结和概述.通过分析总结得出:随着勘探形势的发展,地震资料中的相位问题将越来越受到人们的关注和重视,对相位的研究也将成为今后的攻关课题和研究热点.Improving the slgnal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic section is the important content in seismic data processing. The stack technique can obviously improve signal-to-noise ratio of seismic section, under the condition of the hypothetical condition that the amplitude and phase of seismic wavelets are same in the same traces after NMO and static correction. But in practice, this hypothetical condition is not satisfied. The problem of phase difference is one of the most important factors affecting the in-phase stack for the effective reflectors. Phase correction can eliminate the phase differences of seismic wavelets, to make the seismic wavelet become or approximate to zero-phase wavelets, and improve the stacked section quality. This paper reviews the domestic and overseas scholastic research achievements about the phase correction, the phase variation effect factors, phase correction methods and the correction criteria. We get the following points by analyzing and sammarizing., along with the exploration development, the phase problem will get more and more attention, and the study of phase will become the tackle key problem and the focused research subject.

关 键 词：地震数据处理 相位校正 判别准则 校正角 同相叠加 信噪比 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]