甜瓜果实表面生防芽孢杆菌的类群与鉴别  

Identification of the antagonistic Bacillus strains on melon fruit surface

作　　者：王奕文[1] 胡文兵[1] 许玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2008年第3期317-324,共8页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金资助项目(06ZR14030)

摘　　要：从不同甜瓜果实表面可分离到在LB培养基上生长迅速、菌落形态呈明显差异的4类革兰氏染色阳性细菌。经过生理生化指标的鉴定、菌株间16S rDNA序列和部分特异性基因序列扩增以及种间遗传距离分析,将这4类芽孢杆菌分别鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的3个形态变种。这些芽孢杆菌经继代培养20代后,仍能保持稳定的菌落形态和对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、链格孢(Alternaria alternata)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusari-um oxysporum)、黑曲霉(Aspegillus niger)和粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)等8种果蔬采后病原真菌显著且广谱的拮抗作用。结果表明,甜瓜果实表面广泛分布着具有拮抗性能的枯草芽孢杆菌和其近缘种解淀粉芽孢杆菌,可通过特定培养条件下(LB培养基上37℃培养48 h)单菌落的生长速度和菌落外观形态特征快速分离并鉴别它们的类群,为开发甜瓜果实采后保鲜制剂提供理论依据。The study was conducted to select antagonistic bacteria colonized melon fruits superficially and clarify their suppression against fungal pathogens, aiming at development of practical biocontrol agents for post - harvest diseases of melon fruits. Bacteria colonizing melon fruits were obtained by stamping fragmented pericarps onto LB culture medium, examined for their antifungal activity by pair-culturing with fungal pathogens and identified on the basis of DNA sequence alignments and conventional bactedal characteristics; one isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens （EXWB3）, and the others B. subtilis （EXWB1, EXWB2 and EXWB4）. Four isolates expressed significant antifungal activity to eight postharvest pathogens, including Bo- trytis cinerea , Alternaria alternata , Fusarium oxysporum , Aspergillus niger, Trichothecium roseum , Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp.. Of the antagonistic isolates tested, EXWB1 was shown to be most effective. The result showed that there were obvious differences among B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens distributing abroad on melon fruit surface, and the phenotypic colony characteristics of the isolates under 37℃ incubating 48h on LB medium could be regarded as an important basis to identify.

关 键 词：枯草芽孢杆菌 形态变种 16S RDNA 分类鉴定 甜瓜果实 

分 类 号：S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q939.124[农业科学—植物保护]