中国春-柱穗山羊草杀配子染色体2C附加系与小麦-冰草附加系杂交F2的细胞学特性  

Cytological Traits of F_2 Hybrids of Chinese Spring-Ae.cylindryca Host. Gametocidal Chromosome 2C Disomic Addition×Wheat-A. cristatum (L.) Beauv. Addition

作　　者：王敬昌[1] 刘伟华[2] 程雪佼[2] 郭勇[2] 宿俊吉[1] 杨欣明[2] 高爱农[2] 柴守诚[1] 李立会[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第7期1894-1899,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30470968);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD13B02)

摘　　要：【目的】对5个小麦-冰草附加系与中国春-杀配子染色体2C附加系杂交F2的减数分裂进行观察,分析杀配子染色体在小麦-冰草附加系背景下诱导染色体变异的有效性,为获得小麦-冰草染色体易位奠定基础。【方法】杂交F2植株幼穗减数分裂染色体行为观察采用常规细胞学方法,冰草P染色质的检测采用GISH方法。【结果】杂交F2PMC减数分裂中期普遍观察到多个单价体、多价体以及落后染色体和断片,多数组合观察到染色体桥,个别组合出现单价环状染色体。杂交F2减数分裂染色体存在异常现象:平均36.5%的细胞中有多个单价体,15.8%的细胞含有多价体,31.6%和11.7%的细胞中含有染色体断片和桥,四分体时期存在微核、多裂和四分孢子退化现象。F2植株的自交结实率平均为31.47%。对部分F2植株的减数分裂细胞GISH检测表明,P染色体多为单体附加,有2.7%的植株可能产生染色体易位。【结论】较高频率的染色体断裂和部分配子致死是杀配子染色体诱导变异的典型特征,柱穗山羊草2C杀配子染色体在小麦-冰草附加系背景下能够有效诱导染色体产生结构变异,这种诱变作用和频率在不同附加系背景下存在差异。[Objective] In order to validify the chromosome variations induced by gametocidal chromosome while it was transferred into wheat-A, cristatum （L.） Beauv. addition lines, to construct wheat-A, cristatum （L.） Beauv. translocation lines, the F2 PMCs chromosome variations of five crosses of wheat-A, cristatum （L.） Beauv. addition lines hybridized with Chinese spring-Ae.cylindryca Host. gametocidal chromosome 2C disomic addition lines were observed. [Method] The chromosome variations of F2 PMCs of young ears were observed by using the routine method while P chromatin was detected by GISH. [ Result] The results showed that plurivalents, multi-univalents,lagging chromosomes and chromosomes fragments were observed frequently in PMCI metaphase in all of F2 hybrid crosses, chromosome bridges in most of crosses and ring chromosomes in very few crosses. The mean abnormal chromosome frequencies of F2 PMCs were as follows： 36.5% cells with multiunivalent, 15.8% cells with plurivalent, 31.6% cells and 11.7% cells with fragments and chromosome bridges, respectively. Frequent microkernels, multifid quadrants, and retrogression were observed in quadrants phase in certain crosses. Self seed setting percentage of F2 was 31.47% in mean. There were 2.7% plants could be induced to produce translocations by gametocidal chromosome. The P genome usually was univalent in some F2 crosses detected by GISH. [Conclusion] The gametocidal chromosome 2C had a typical feature in inducing chromosome fragments at a high rate and killing some gametal cells. The gametocidal chromosome 2C was efficient in inducing chromosome variations when it was transferred into wheat-A, cristatum （L.） Beauv. addition lines. Different inducing effects and rates were observed when transferred into different wheat-Agropyron addition lines.

关 键 词：小麦-冰草附加系 杀配子染色体 细胞学特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] TQ920.1[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]