语言哲学的域限:在文化视野内  

The Bounds of Linguistic Philosophy:From the Culture Field of Vision

作　　者：耿菲菲[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《外语学刊》2008年第4期18-21,共4页Foreign Language Research

摘　　要：本文从文化哲学的角度,通过对分析哲学的产生及其发展以至最后的没落的细致分析,认为分析性语言哲学有两个无法克服的困难,而这些困境应当受到中国语言哲学研究者的重视。首先,作为一种文化或历史沉淀的语言,其使用的多样性和其词句的内在意蕴本身就是对人类生存的不同样态的一种体现。因此,它作为人类整体性存在的一部分,与产生自己的特殊的文化境遇有着密不可分的关联。正如卡西尔所言,"语言、艺术、神话、宗教决不是互不相干的任意创造"。它们之间以及与人的整个生活世界之间总是相互影响、相互映射的。所以,语言的本质是不能够仅仅通过精密的逻辑分析或真假分析所能体现和解决的,语言的分析也不能代替人类对自身存在价值的终极沉思。因而,在文化哲学的视域中分析性语言哲学的界限就凸现了出来。第二次世界大战后维特根斯坦等人向日常生活语言的转向也正是对这一问题的说明。其次,就是语言的真假值的判断与语言在现实生活世界中的有效性之间的无法弥合的间隙,这一点对汉语来说更为突出。例如,中国诗词"境界"学说视野中的"言外之意"或"弦外之音"的问题。而且笔者认为,如果我们不能很好地看待这两个方面的话,我们就很难正确地看待西方语言哲学在中国汉语境遇中的影响和价值。This article, from the culture field of vision, precisely analyzes the emergence,development and final decline of Analytic Philosophy, suggests that in language analytic philosophy there exists two unconquerable difficulties, and what is more, Chinese scholars of linguistic philosophy encouraged to pay more attention to them. Firstly, language is a culture or accretion of history, and its applied varieties and inner meaning between words and sentences reflect the different situations of human living. Conse- quently, language, one part of the whole human entity, has a close relation with the special culture situation. Just as Cassirer said that language, art, mythology and religion were never mutually arbitrary creations. The relations among them and with the whole life-world always have mutual influence and reflection. Because the quality of language can not be embodied and ＂settled down＂ only through precise logical and true and false analysis, and language analysis can not replace human final consideration about his/her valuable existence as well, the solution to the bounds of linguistic philosophy would be from the culture field of vi- sion. Wittgenstein and other scholars provide a good explanation, in that they turned to study the language of daily life after World War Two. Secondly, there is a gap unable to be made up between the judgment on language true and false value and the validity of language in the practical world. That is particularly evident in Chinese language, for example, ＂subaudition＂ or ＂implication＂ in Chinese ＂extent reached＂ poetry. In addition, I think if we can not give a better consideration about the two aspects, it will be very difficult for us to take correct attitudes towards Western linguistic philosophy which brings influence and val- ue on Chinese language circumstance.

关 键 词：语言哲学 文化 生活世界 境界说 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]