语用标记语功能认知研究  

Pragmatic Markers:A Cognitive Study

作　　者：席建国[1] 刘冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学宁波理工学院外国语分院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2008年第4期190-199,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大课题资助项目(05JJD740005);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题资助项目(07CGWY016YBX)

摘　　要：语用标记语是人类语言"语法化"的结果,是语言"主观化"现象的类典型。语用标记语的语用意义和概念意义的规约化程度具有不均衡性、不对称性及动态发展的特征。英、汉语言中的一些常用语用标记语,如坦言性标记语、阐发性标记语、理据性标记语、断言性标记语、评价性标记语、警示性标记语和补说性标记语主要表达语用信息,具有人类语言元话语功能的一些典型性特征。即使是同一类语用标记语也可表达几种不同微功能。语用标记语对于话语的生成和语篇构建具有十分重要的制约作用。Pragmatic markers are a common language phenomenon in daily verbal communication. Linguists both at home and abroad have become more and more interested in them, as they are mainly used to express pragmatic information and particular pragmatic functions. Those which are commonly used as pragmatic markers include conjunctions, adverbs, interjections as well as certain phrases and S-P clauses. A pragmatic marker refers to a linguistic expression used to represent the psychological attitude, appraisal and affect of a speaker concerning the objective world, or to realize his/her effects of illocutionary act. Pragmatic markers in the Chinese language have already been studied by Chinese linguists represented by Wang Li （＂insersion grammar＂. 1984）, Gao Mingkai （＂insertion＂, 1986） and Zhang Zhigong （＂insertion＂, 1996）, and Huang Borong （＂parenthesis＂, 2003）. However, their study is mainly limited to the static functional description and discussion at the grammatical-semantic level. Western linguists began to show keen interest in pragmatic markers in the latter half of the 20th century. Of these linguists, the most influential are Schiffrin （1987）, Fraser （1990） and Blakemore （1992）, who focused their study on the interpretation of the dynamic functions from a syntactic-pragmatic perspective. They argued that the function expressed by pragmatic markers is dynamic and procedural. And pragmatic markers seem to be quite loose in syntactic structure, but not redundant in discourse construction and cognitive context construction. Pragmatic markers are the derivative of grammaticalization, and their grammaticalization process means the weakening of their conceptual meanings and the increasing of their pragmatic meanings. What＇s more, the grammaticalization of a pragmatic marker may promote its subjectivizational development in meaning. It is just as Lyons （1971） said that everyone＇s speech bears more or less the ＂ego＂ of the speaker, for when he expresses his idea, h

关 键 词：语用标记语 语法化 主观化 认知语境 语用信息 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学] B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]