塔里木河干流中游输水堤防对生态保育的影响  

Analysis on the Effects of Water Conveyance Embankments on the Ecological Conservation in the Middle Reaches of the Tarim River

作　　者：陈永金[1] 李卫红[1] 刘加珍[2] 李加强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]聊城大学环境与规划学院,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2008年第4期550-555,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目;国家自然科学基金项目(90520004;3050081)资助

摘　　要：通过对塔里木河中游地区输水堤防修建后,有生态闸和无生态闸断面地下水位、水质和生态变化监测,结果发现:在有生态闸断面的地下水埋深、地下水矿化度都保持在理想范围内,而无生态闸断面的地下水埋深持续下降,地下水水质变化呈恶化趋势,由于生态对环境变化的迟滞性特点,有无生态闸断面的植被盖度尚未表现出明显的分化,但由于沙子河断面地下水埋深的增大,一些草本植物逐渐消亡,而乌斯满断面物种则无变化。因此,有必要采取措施防止堤防外的生态退化,促进全流域生态系统的健康发展。In order to restore the natural vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, some embankments have been built in the middle reaches so as to reduce the water overflow in flood season and provide more water to the lower reaches. Two sections, i.e. the Shazihe and Usyman sections in the middle reaches of the Tarim River, were chosen to monitor the change of natural vegetation, groundwater depth and groundwater quality. The middle reaches of the Tarim River mean the fiver section （428 km in length） from Yengbazar in Luntai County to Qara in Yuli County, the catchment area id 1.59 × 104 km^2, and the high-flow period and low-flow period are from July to September and from March to June. The monitored results show that there is no significant change in groundwater depth, groundwater quality and natural vegetation along the Usyman section because an ecological sluice gate has been built to sluice in flood season for irrigating the natural vegetation. Along the Shazihe section where there is no ecological sluice gate, however, the decline of groundwater level and the deterioration of groundwater quality become more serious, and some herbaceous plants begin to die gradually. Therefore, it is necessary to take some effective measures for preventing the negative effects of embankments on the ecosystem in the study area.

关 键 词：输水堤防 地下水 植被盖度 生态恢复 塔里木河 

分 类 号：TV871[水利工程—水利水电工程] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]