松花江沉积物金属元素含量、污染及地球化学特征  

Contents,Contamination and Geochemical Characteristics of Metals in the Sediment from Songhua River

作　　者：林春野[1] 何孟常[1] 李艳霞[1] 刘瑞民[1] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第8期2123-2130,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2004CB418502);国家自然科学基金项目(40671002)

摘　　要：研究了松花江沉积物常量和微量金属元素地球化学行为.从松花江采集39个沉积物样品,分析了沉积物中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Sc、V、Mn、Ti、Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、Na、K的总量,目的是阐明松花江吉林市至哈尔滨市河段沉积物金属元素含量和分布特征,考察元素之间的地球化学关系,探讨微量金属污染物区域基线用于定量分析沉积物微量金属元素的污染.松花江沉积物中有毒微量金属的浓度如：As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn、Ni、Pb、V分别为2.7-11.5、0.05-1.38、4.8-14.7、15.9-78.9、2.4-75.4、0.01-1.27、21.8-403.1、6.2-35.8、12.6-124.4、22.1-108.0 mg/kg.由于人为干扰（污染）,沉积物中Cd、Cu、Hg、Zn、Pb的时空分异高于常量元素,而且这些金属元素与其赋存矿物元素,如Fe、Mg、Sc之间的相关性降低了.本研究建立了沉积物中常见污染污染物As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、V的环境基线浓度,为定量估算松花江沉积物污染提供了理论依据.松花江沉积物中微量金属污染程度低于珠江和长江,与黄河近似.Geochemical behavior of major and trace elements in the sediment of the Songhua River was studied.39 bottom sediment samples were collected from the Songhua River and total contents of As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Zn,Ni,Pb,Sb,Sc,V,Mn,Ti,Al,Fe,Mg,Ca,Na and K in these samples were measured.The objectives of this study were to identify the contents and spatial variations of these metals in the sediment,investigate geochemical relationships among the elements,and develop baseline relationships between 9 trace metals and conservative reference element Sc to quantify the contamination of these 9 elements.Results indicated that the concentrations of toxic trace metals,such as As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Zn,Ni,Pb,and V in the sediment,were 2.7-11.5,0.05-1.38,4.8-14.7,15.9-78.9,2.4-75.4,0.01-1.27,21.8-403.1,6.2-35.8,12.6-124.4,and 22.1-108.0mg/kg, respectively.Due to the input of anthropogenic sources,temporal and spatial variation of Cd,Cu,Hg,Zn,and Pb contents in the sediment was higher than that of major elements.In addition,correlations between these metals and their mineral matrix elements such as Fe,Mg,and Sc were decreased.The baseline relationships between general metal contaminants and Sc were developed,with high correlation coefficients for Co,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni,Pb,and V and relatively low correlation coefficients for As and Cd.These baseline relationships provide a way to quantitatively evaluate the sediment contamination by these metals.Generally, sediment contamination of the Songhua River by trace metals was less than that of the Zhujiang River and the Changjiang River,and similar to that of the Huanghe River.

关 键 词：沉积物 金属 地球化学 污染 基线浓度 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X131