3种豆科作物与玉米间作对土壤硝态氮累积和分布的影响  

Effect of intercropping three legume crops with maize on soil nitrate-N accumulation and distribution in the soil profile

作　　者：叶优良[1] 李隆[2] 孙建好[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002 [2]农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室中国农业大学植物营养系,北京100094 [3]甘肃农业科学院土壤与肥料研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第4期818-823,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业部"948"重大项目(2006-G60)资助

摘　　要：为提高氮肥利用效率，减少过量施用氮肥对环境造成的污染，本文以甘肃省河西灌区为试验地点，在0和225kg（N）·hm^-2氮水平下，探讨了蚕豆、豌豆、大豆3种豆科作物与玉米间作对土壤硝态氮累积和分布的影响。研究表明：蚕宜收获后，间作的蚕豆、大豆、豌豆和玉米土壤硝态氮累积量在两个氮水平下均低于相应的单作，蚕豆、大豆、豌豆的间作土壤剖面硝态氮含量也低于相应的单作，但表现的土层深度各异。玉米收获后，蚕豆和豌豆的间作土壤硝态氮累积量低于单作；不施氮条件下，大豆间作土壤硝态氮累积量低于单作，与蚕豆、豌豆和大豆间作的玉米土壤硝态氮累积量均高于单作玉米；在225kg（N）·hm^-2氮水平下，与蚕豆和豌豆阔作的玉米土壤硝态氮累积量低于单作玉米，间作大豆和与大豆间作的玉米土壤硝态氮累积量高于相应的单作。玉米收获期，不施氮条件下3种豆科作物间作0～60cm土壤硝态氮含量均低于单作；225kg（N）·hm^-2氮水平下，蚕豆、豌豆间作0～60cm土壤硝态氮含量低于单作，而间作大豆0～100cm土壤硝态氮含量高于单作。对不同深度土壤硝态氮相对累积量分析表明，蚕豆收获期间作0～60cm土层相对累积量高于单作，而100～180cm土层则低于单作。In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency and to reduce environmental pollution from excessive nitrogen application, soil nitrate-N content and accumulation in intercropped legume-maize under 0 and 225 kg （N）·hm^-2 application were investigated in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. The results show that soil nitrate-N accumulation in intercropped faba bean, soybean, pea and maize is lower than the monocrops under 0 and 225 kg （N）·hm^-2 application at faba bean harvest. Nitrate-N content in the soil profile with intercropped faba bean, soybean and pea is lower than the monocrops, with various effecting depths for different crops. At maize harvest, nitrate-N accumulation in the soil of intercropped faba bean and pea is lower than the monocrops. Under zero nitrogen application, soil nitrate-N accumulation in intercropped soybean is lower than monocropped soybean, and that for maize-faba bean, soybean and pea intercrop higher than the monocrops. Under 225 kg （N）·hm^-2 nitrogen application, soil ni- trate-N accumulation in intercropped maize-faba bean and pea is lower than the monocrops, while intercropped soybean and maizesoybean intercrop is higher than the monocrops. Nitrate-N content in 0～60 cm soil profile with intercropped faba bean and pea are lower than the monocrops under zero N application and 225 kg （N）·hm^-2 N application; while that with soybean lower than the monocrop at zero N application, but higher at 225 kg （N）·hm^-2 N application. Relative soil nitrate-N accumulation suggests that soil nitrate-N accumulation in intercropping treatments is higher than in monocropping at 0～60 cm, but lower than in monocroping at 100～180 cm.

关 键 词：豆科作物 玉米 单作 间作 硝态氮累积 土壤剖面 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S153.6[农业科学—农艺学]