温度、盐度对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)胚胎和幼虫的影响  

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE/SALINITY ON DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYOS AND LARVAE OF SCALLOP CHLAMYS FARRERI

作　　者：梁玉波[1,2,3] 张福绥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]国家海洋环境监测中心,大连116023

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2008年第4期334-340,共7页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目,39600027号

摘　　要：采用温度和盐度单一和组合因子设计实验方法,系统地研究了温度、盐度对栉孔扇贝胚胎和幼虫的影响。结果表明,栉孔扇贝胚胎发育适宜温度为16.0—22.0℃,盐度为27.5—32.5;最佳温度为18.0—22.0℃,盐度为30.0—32.5;幼虫培育适宜温度为16.0—26.0℃,盐度为27.0—39.0;最佳温度为19.0—22.0℃,盐度为27.0—32.0。相对而言,栉孔扇贝胚胎和幼虫对低温高盐适应能力较强,温度显著影响胚胎孵化和幼虫发育,盐度显著影响幼虫生长;二者组合影响对胚胎孵化不显著;随着幼虫的发育,组合影响对幼虫存活十分显著;对幼虫生长不显著。Scallop Chlamysfarreri distributes off coast in Liaodong and Shandong, and has been commercially cultured in China. This study examines the favorable and optimal temperature and salinity conditions for industrial operations. Individual and combined effects of temperature and salinity on the embryonic hatch, veliger larvae survival, and shell growth were studied. The ranges of temperature and salinity were tested individually on embryos, 7-30℃（ 1-3 ℃ increment） and 17.5-47.5 （2.5 increment）; on vegiler larvae survival and growth： 10-30℃ （3℃ increment） and 12-48 （increment 3）. In addition, combined effects were studied using 6 × 6 factorial design, the temperature and salinity ranges on embryos were 10-27.5℃ （3.5℃increment） and 21-38 （increment 6）; on vegiler larvae survival and growth： 10-30℃ （4℃ increment） and 12-42 （increment 4）. Favorable conditions of temperature and salinity for embryonic hatch were 18-22℃ and 30-32.5, best at 20.5℃ and 31.5; for larvae development, 19-22℃ and 27-32, best at 22℃ and 30. The larvae could live in wider ranges of temperature and salinity than those of embryonic development. Although both temperature and salinity exerted the effects on embryos and laryae development, the temperature was clearly the dominant factor influencing embryos hatch and larvae development, and salinity influencing larvae growth. The combination effects of temperature and salinity on the scallop embryos hatch and larvae shell growth were not significant, but quite significant on the last stage vegiler larvae survivals.

关 键 词：栉孔扇贝 温度 盐度 胚胎发育 幼虫发育和生长 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]