太湖流域糯稻地方种质稻米RVA谱多样性的研究  

Diversity Analysis of the RVA Profile of Glutinous Rice in the Taihu Lake Area

作　　者：沈新平[1] 沈明星[2] 顾丽[1] 季红娟[1] 龚丽萍[1] 王建平[2] 姚月明[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏苏州215155

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第8期2513-2519,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30270809);国家粮食丰产科技工程“江苏单季稻丰产高效技术集成与示范”(20044BA520A)

摘　　要：【目的】对糯稻地方种质资源的淀粉糊化特性进行评价鉴定,以明确这些原始种质间淀粉品质差异性,为选择特异和优异种质,加快糯稻的定向育种和生产奠定基础。【方法】以50年代征集的97份太湖地区糯稻地方种质资源材料,分析其稻米RVA谱的特征值,以评价其淀粉糊化特性。【结果】种质间的RVA谱特征值有极显著的差异性,其中崩解值的极差达4798cp,峰值粘度、最终粘度、消减值的极差也都在3000cp左右,峰值时间、糊化温度亦有较大差异。RVA谱具有较高的遗传多样性,其平均多样性指数(Shannon指数)达1.86。这些种质的RVA谱曲线呈现为4种基本类型:即占品种数92.7%的基本特征类群,其峰值粘度变化在1000～2700cp之间,而一些特异类型,如粟阳糯、香珠糯、白壳罗汉黄、粳谷糯则表现为高峰值粘度,达3000cp以上,崩解值、消减值均较大;还有些品种(黄粳糯、毛糯、葡萄糯)呈现为极低的峰值粘度,变化在500cp～800cp之间;源于吴县的白糯稻和武进的堆子糯这两个种质呈籼稻的RVA谱特征,其消减值为正值,分别达461cp、1849cp。但这些特异类型的种质在植株形态上没有差异。【结论】太湖糯稻地方种的稻米RVA谱差异明显,有极高、极低峰值粘度以及籼型等3种特异种质类型的分化,RVA谱具较高遗传多样性。[Objective] In order to study the difference of starch quantity among the local germplasm resources, the starch pasting characteristics of local germplasm resources for glutinous rice were evaluated and then indentified, which can lay a foundation for selecting special and valuable germplasm and promoting the proceeding of glutinous rice breeding and production. [Method] A total of 97 glutinous rice cultivars collected in the 1950 s in the Taihu Lake area were employed in this study. The characteristic values of RVA profiles were investigated to access the gelatinization characteristics of these cultivars. [Result ] The results showed that： there was a very significant diversity among germplasm types, where the range of the breakdown value was as high as 4 798 cp, while that of the peak viscosity, the final viscosity and the setback viscosity were around 3 000 cp. There were also high differences in terms of the peak time and the gelatinizafion temperature. The results indicated that the RVA profile have fairly high diversity with the Shannon index 1.86. The RVA profile of these cultivars fell into four categories： the category of general characteristics that account for 92.7% of the total cultivars, the peak viscosity of which ranged from 1 000 to 2 700 cp; the specific category such as the varieties of Liyangnuo, Zhuxiangnuo, Baikehuolanhuang, and Jinggunuo, the peak viscosity of which was over 3 000 cp and with comparatively high breakdown value and setback value; the category such as Huangjingnuo, Maonuo and Putaonuo with fairly low peak viscosity, which ranged from 500 cp to 800 cp; the category such as Bainuodao from Wuxian and Duizinuo from Wujing with positive setback values which were 461 cp and 1 849 cp, respectively. But these cultivars of the specific categories did not show any difference in plant shape. [ Conclusion ] There was a signihcant variation in the RVA profiles of Taihu Glutinous rice cultivars including three specific categories, i.e. two with extremely high and low peak viscosity res

关 键 词：太湖 地方种 糯稻 RVA谱 多样性 

分 类 号：S511.23[农业科学—作物学]