小规模群体开放式与封闭式讨论任务的工作特性比较  

THE FEATURES OF GROUP WORK FOR DIFFERENT TASKS

作　　者：王垒[1] 姚真[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理系

出　　处：《心理学报》1997年第3期264-270,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：１４个小组的大学生共６８人参加两种不同的群体工作，其中７组进行开放式问题的讨论，７组进行封闭式问题的讨论。从工作进程、工作模式和工作特点等方面记录群体工作行为：工作进程各阶段所用时间，发言的针对性，发言的连续性，说明问题的方式和深度，群体的意见分歧与支持行为和表达方式。结果表明：封闭式问题需要更多的时间澄清问题并且更多引用例子来阐述观点；讨论开放式问题多采用归纳推理而封闭式问题多采用演绎推理；无论在哪种问题的讨论中，针对个体的发言都显著多于针对整体的发言，而且人们更多地以非言语的方式而不是口头方式表示赞成。本文对以上结果在电视。Fourteen groups of college students (in total of 68 subjects) were dichotically appointed with two different group tasks: discussing an open-ended (OE) question or a close-ended (CE) question. The group work was assessed in the procedure, pattern, and features: the time used for different working stages, the object that each speaking directs against, the continuity of group discussion, the method and intensity of reasoning, the group conflict and supporting, and expressing style. Results showed that CE needed more time to clarify the question and was more likely to cite examples to support the opinions. OE adopted inductive method whereas CE adopted deductive method. Both groups were more likely to talk to individual members than to the whole group, and more likely to express agreement nonverbally than orally. The results were also discussed referring to the design of videoconference system and computer surpported co-operative work.

关 键 词：群体工作 个体间相互作用 心理学 人-机交互作用 

分 类 号：B841.4[哲学宗教—基础心理学]