西方心物问题的回顾与前瞻——从实体二元论到生物自然主义  

Retrospect of and Prospect on the Mind-Body Problem——From Substance Dualism to Biological Naturalism

作　　者：陈真[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学哲学系和道德教育研究所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2008年第8期82-90,共9页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：The mind-body problem is mainly a problem for dualism,namely,the problem of interaction between mind and body.To avoid this problem,Western philosophy of mind has turned to materialism,especially physicalist reductionism.Due to its inextricable problems(such as those of explaining qualia,intentionality and mental causation),physicalist reductionism is replaced by nonreductive materialism,mainly property dualism and biological naturalism.Nonreductive materialist theories more or less overcome the problems for reductionism,but they still face the problem of how to explain mental causation and the relative independence of consciousness.This paper reviews the history of seeking for solutions to the mind-body problem,examines the merits and defects of each solution,and explores the three logical possibilities to solve the problem.The mind-body problem is mainly a problem for dualism,namely,the problem of interaction between mind and body.To avoid this problem,Western philosophy of mind has turned to materialism,especially physicalist reductionism.Due to its inextricable problems(such as those of explaining qualia,intentionality and mental causation),physicalist reductionism is replaced by nonreductive materialism,mainly property dualism and biological naturalism.Nonreductive materialist theories more or less overcome the problems for reductionism,but they still face the problem of how to explain mental causation and the relative independence of consciousness.This paper reviews the history of seeking for solutions to the mind-body problem,examines the merits and defects of each solution,and explores the three logical possibilities to solve the problem.

关 键 词：西方哲学家 二元论 回顾与前瞻 自然主义 生物 实体 心灵状态 物理主义 

分 类 号：B516.47[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B089