从雾的气候变化看城市发展对雾的影响  

Impacts of Urban Development on Long-Term Variation of Fog

作　　者：石春娥[1] 杨军[2] 邱明燕[1] 谢伟[1] 张浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所 [2]南京信息工程大学大气物理与大气环境重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2008年第3期327-336,共10页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目40675002、40775010;中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室开放课题LAPC-KF-2003-03

摘　　要：利用安徽省78个测站近半个世纪的资料分析了安徽雾的年代际变化特征,并着重讨论了城市发展对雾的影响。安徽省雾的年代际变化趋势分布不均匀,以1980年为中心的10年是安徽年均雾日数最高的10年,以后呈减少趋势。根据两类城市年雾日数演变趋势,揭示城市在不同的发展阶段对雾的影响不同。最近30年,城市雾的消散时间明显推后,平均持续时间增加,雾内能见度下降。1985年之后,全省平均雾日数和合肥地区北京时间8时雾内能见距离与全省煤耗量之间存在显著的反相关。城市雾发生率下降的原因可能是城市热岛加强和大气气溶胶粒子增多共同作用的结果。The spatial distribution and seasonal/long-term variations of fog in Anhui Province are examined using daily meteorological records at 78 stations during the recent half century. Impacts of urban development on fog frequency are also discussed. Fog was more frequent in mountainous areas and less frequent in the foothills close to the Yangtze River, with moderate frequency in the plain north of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province. The highest fog frequency varies with both season and location. The number of days with fog shows an increase in the 1970s and early 1980s and decreases in the mid-80s at most stations. There exist two categories of cities, one reached a peak in fog frequency about 10 years earlier than the other. Impacts of urban development on fog activity are evident and these impacts depend on the degree of the development of the city. During the recent 30 years, the time of fog dissipation occurred later, the average fog duration increased and the visibility within fog decreased. The annual total coal combustion of Anhui was negatively correlated with the average annual fog frequency and visibility at 0800 LST on fog day in Hefei, The authors conclude that the decreasing fog days are the result of the enhancement of urban heat island and the increase of aerosols resulted by development of urban size and industrial activity.

关 键 词：雾 年代际变化 城市发展 城市气候 大气气溶胶 

分 类 号：P426.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]