花椰菜与黑芥体细胞杂种的生物学特性  

Biological Characters of Somatic Hybrids between Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis and Brassica nigra

作　　者：郝薇薇[1] 赵泓[2] 盛小光[2] 陈斌[2] 刘凡[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学,北京100037 [2]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《华北农学报》2008年第4期100-104,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771206);北京市自然科学基金(5073045);国家863项目(2006AA100108)

摘　　要：对经UV处理,PEG融合获得的79株花椰菜和黑芥的体细胞杂种进行了全生育期性状调查分析,包括细胞DNA含量测定、染色体计数、植株形态学观察、育性调查等。结果表明:杂种形态变异广泛,多数呈中间类型,少数呈偏亲性状;杂种细胞DNA含量不一致,呈现大于、等于、小于双亲细胞DNA含量之和的类型;DNA含量大于双亲之和的杂种与DNA含量等于或小于双亲之和的杂种相比,有较高比例的材料叶型出现畸形和(或)植株生长势弱,育性也更差。显示出杂种植株的生长势、育性与细胞的DNA含量具有一定的相关性。通过染色体计数,发现所检测杂种为混倍体,同一植株的细胞有多种染色体数目构成。在79个杂种中,筛选出13个目标材料,生长势强,有较好或一定程度的育性,表明采用体细胞杂交技术手段来改良甘蓝类蔬菜的遗传多样性具有可行性。Biological characters of 79 asymmetric somatic hybrids obtained through protoplast fusion between Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis （2n = 18, CC） and Brassica nigra （2n = 16, BB） were studied. The results indicated that the morphology of hybrids were heterogeneous. Most of the population was intermediate to that of the parents, compared with minority of them were similar to parents, Nuclear DNA content analysis revealed that hybrid plants had different nuclear DNA content ： higher,lower than the parental sum or equal to it. Contrast to the lower and equal hybrids, bigger amount of hybrids with higher DNA content had abnormal leaf, bad growth vigour and poor fertility. It showed that growth vigour and fertility had relations with the nuclear DNA content. By chromosome counting, the detected hybrids were mixoploid. Among 79 hybrids, 13 aimed hybrids were picked out, which were vigorous and fertile. Broaden the genetic variability of cabbage though asymmetric somatic hybridization was indicated feasible.

关 键 词：花椰菜 黑芥 非对称体细胞杂种 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S635.303.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]