近半个世纪辽宁省气温、降水极值特征分析  

Analyses on Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Characteristics in Liaoning in Recent Half Century

作　　者：龚强[1] 汪宏宇[2] 李辑[2] 张运福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳区域气候中心,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《高原气象》2008年第4期830-837,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(04EFN217400411);中国气象局新技术推广项目“气候变暖对东北重大气候灾害影响及预测研究”共同资助

摘　　要：利用辽宁省53个气象站近半个世纪以来的气温、降水极值资料，分析了辽宁省气温、降水极值的时空变化特征。结果表明：辽宁省累年极端最高、最低气温具有区域性，辽西极端最高气温最高，辽东极端最低气温最低，累年极端日降水的局域性较强；最高气温极值多发生在6～8月，但有很多地区都出现在6月，最低气温极值最易发生在1月，降水极值在7月或8月出现最多；最高气温极值和日降水极值的趋势性较弱，而最低气温极值的升温趋势十分显著，且远大于平均气温的增幅；最高（低）气温极值异常主要存在5（4）个空间型，各空间型均存在一定的时间变化特征；最高、最低气温和日降水极值具有不完全一致的长、短周期，但分别以9年、18年、11年左右的周期振动最强；近46年来三个极值要素均出现过增温或减少的突变。Based on the extreme temperature and precipitation data at 53 stations of Liaoning Province, their temporal-spatial characteristics are analyzed. The main results are as follows： Extreme maximum and minimum temperatures for years in succession are of regional features. The highest extreme maximum temperature happened in the west area of Liaoning and the lowest, in the east area. Extreme daily rainfall for years in succession is of strongly local character. The extreme maximum temperature often happen in June to August, and but the most of regions that the value of Liaoning happen in June. The extreme value of minimum temperature happen in January, so as extreme precipitation, in July or August. Extreme maximum temperature and extreme daily rainfall have weak trends in Liaoning, but extreme minimum temperature has obviously warming trend which is more than that of mean temperature. There are five （four） main spatial distribution patterns for extreme maximum （minimum） temperature anomalies, and all patterns have some temporal changing characteristics. Extreme maximum, minimum temperatures and daily precipitation are of some different long and short cycles, but about 9, 18 and 11 years is their the best obvious oscillation, respectively. In the recent 46 years, extreme temperature and precipitation are of warming or decreasing jump change.

关 键 词：辽宁省 气温 降水 极值 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]