早产儿宫外生长迟缓的相关因素探讨  

The clinical investigation on extrauterine growth retardation in premature neonates

作　　者：叶青青[1] 李坚[1] 赵小朋[1] 宋燕燕[1] 黄志坚[1] 赵喆[1] 吕俊健[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市妇婴医院新生儿科,510180

出　　处：《广州医药》2008年第5期26-28,共3页Guangzhou Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的对宫外生长迟缓(extrauterine growth retardation,EUGR)早产儿情况进行探讨,分析相关因素,以期对早产儿的营养支持策略有一定的引导作用。方法回顾分析2000年—2006年我院出生的符合适于胎龄儿条件的375例早产儿在出院时出现宫外生长迟缓[小于胎龄(small for gestational age,SGA)]与未发生宫外生长迟缓[适/大于胎龄(appropriate for gestational age,AGA/large for gestational age,LGA)]住院期间的临床资料,包括出生体重、胎龄、性别、住院时间、恢复至出生体重的时间、出院时体重与出院时纠正胎龄的关系、热量及蛋白质供给、合并症情况等。结果出院时小于胎龄儿(SGA)占28.5%;出生体重及胎龄对早产儿早期的营养状况有影响,出院时SGA组其出生体重及胎龄明显小于适于胎龄组(AGA),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AGA组早产儿其住院时间、生理性体征下降的时间明显缩短,合并症的发生也明显减少,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。SGA组在生后第1周和第3周热量供给明显小于AGA(P<0.05);两组蛋白质供给在生后第1周无统计学意义,但在第3周SGA组明显小于AGA组(P<0.05)。结论出生体重、胎龄越低的早产儿往往由于并发症等原因更易致热量及蛋白质供给的不足,从而造成宫外生长迟缓,因此对这一部分早产儿采取正确的早期营养支持,对生存质量的提高意义重大。Objective To investigate those premature neonates who suffer from extrauterine growth retardation and analyse correlated faetors, in order to provide certain helpful guidance on the strategy of nutritional support for the future premature infants. Methods 375 premature neonates who were appropriate for gestational age at birth during 2000 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively, including birth weight, gestational age, sex, days of being in hospital, days of recovery to birth weight, the correlation between weight and corrected gastational age at discharge, energy and protein supply, complications and so on. Results 28.53% infants were small for gestational age at discharge： birth weight and gestational age were influence to nutritional status of premature infants; birth weight and gestational age of SGA group were significantly smaller than those of AGA group （P 〈0. 05） ; days of being in hospital and physiological weight decrease were significantly shortern, the occurrence of complication was significantly decreased, （P 〈 0. 05） . Energy supply in SGA group at the first week and the third week after birth was significantly smaller than that in AGA （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; No difference was found in the protein supply at the first week after birth between the SGA and the AGA, but protein supply in SGA was significantly smaller than that in AGA at the third week after birth （P 〈0. 05） . Conclusion Premature neonates who are lower birth weight or gestational age are easier to cause the energy and protein supplies insufficiency because of complications, resulting in the extrauterine growth retardation. So it＇ s very significant for the surrival quality of those neonates to take the right early nutritional support.

关 键 词：早产儿 营养 宫外生长迟缓 相关因素 

分 类 号：R722.6[医药卫生—儿科]