宏基因组技术及其在环境保护和污染修复中的应用  

Metagenomic technology and its application in environmental protection and bioremediation

作　　者：张薇[1,2] 高洪文[1] 张化永[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 [2]华北电力大学能源与环境研究中心,北京102206 [3]华北电力大学能源与环境研究中心

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第4期1696-1701,共6页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD56B02);华北电力大学校内科研基金项目(200722017)

摘　　要：宏基因组学是分子生物学技术应用于微生物生态学研究而形成的一个新概念,以环境中未培养微生物为研究对象,通过直接从环境样品中提取全部微生物的DNA,构建宏基因组文库,利用基因组学策略研究环境样品所包含的全部微生物的遗传组成及其群落功能。从1998年提出至今,该项技术已经广泛应用于工业、农业、医学等研究领域。文章在对宏基因组学的概念、研究方法、存在问题的综述基础上提出了相应的解决方法,并指出该技术在环境保护和污染修复中存在潜在的应用价值。利用该技术可以深入了解特定环境中微生物空间分布和动态变化,为环境监测、预警和评价提供理论依据。Metagenomics is a new field combining molecular biology and genetics in microbial ecology. Metagenomics is employed as a means of systematically investigating, classifying, and manipulating the entire genetic material isolated from environmental samples. This is a multi-step process that relies on the efficiency of four main steps, which consists of （i） direct isolation of genetic material from environmental sample, （ii） manipulation of the genetic material, （iii） library construction, and （iv） analysis of genetic material in the metagenomic library. Metagenomics has been applied to industry, agriculture and medicine from 1998. In this paper, we summarized the concepts, methodologies, deficiency and amendment of metagenomic technology, especially the potential appli- cation in environmental protection and bioremediation. Employing metagenomic technology, we can find out the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal dynamics of microorganisms in specific environment, which provides theoretical foundation for environmental monitoring, early warning and environmental assessment.

关 键 词：宏基因组学 环境保护 生物修复 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]