湖北梁子湖近代沉积记录对人类活动的响应  

Lake Sediment Records for Eutrophication History in Response to Human Activity during Recent Century in the Liangzi Lake, Hubei Province

作　　者：顾延生[1] 邱海鸥[2] 谢树成[1] 黄俊华[1] 周修高[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质教育部重点实验室 [2]中国地质大学材料科学与化学工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学（中国地质大学学报）》2008年第5期679-686,共8页Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos40525008,40502015);中国博士后科学基金(No2005038555)

摘　　要：为了研究人类活动背景下的湖泊生态响应过程和机制,分析人类活动对湖泊富营养化的贡献,在210Pb计年和历史事件记载基础上,通过梁子湖沉积物水生生物遗存和色素分析重建了梁子湖地区过去100多年来湖泊生态系统演化过程.沉积物色素和水生生物遗存组合带的变化表明梁子湖营养演化具有5个阶段:过去100多年梁子湖地区经历了生态环境良好的贫营养化期(1885-1902A.D.)、轻度富营养化期(1902-1964A.D.)、中度富营养化期(1964-1988A.D.)、富营养化期(1988-1998A.D.)、中度富营养化期(1998-2003A.D.).水生生物遗存随着湖泊富营养化的发生而呈现一定的分布特征,对富营养化敏感的奥古茨藻、荇菜、角果藻、纹沼螺、表壳虫等逐步减少.通过湖泊演化阶段与区域人类活动重大阶段的联合对比研究发现随着人类活动的增强及对湖泊生态的持续干扰,湖泊生态演化呈现明显的阶段性,湖泊富营养化的发生与流域强烈的人类活动如围垦与农业活动带来的营养物质输入有着直接联系,湖泊生态环境演化对重大人类活动事件具有响应性.本研究对于认识湖泊生态环境演化与人类活动的关系、整治湖泊环境具有重要的指导意义.In order to understand the response of lake ecosystem to the human activity, recent core sediments are employed to explore eutrophication history of the Liangzi Lake, Hubei Province, Pigments and hydrobiological remains are employed to reconstruct lake ecosystem changes in the past 100 years on the basis of 210 Pb dating and historical document records. Sedi- ment pigments have specific environmental indication for eutrophication occurrence attributed to rising concentration of chlorophyll ＆ derivatives （CD）, total carotene （TC）, Myxoxanthophyll （Myx） and Oscillaxanthin （Osc）, Pigment assemblage zones together with hydrobiological remains show that Liangzi Lake ecosystem has undergone five distinct stages, corresponding to early poor eutrophication, fine ecological environment （1885-1902 A. D. ）, slight eutrophication （1902-1964 A. D. ）, moderate eutrophication （1964-1988 A. D, ）, eutrophication （1988-1998 A. D. ）, moderate eutrophication （1998 -2003 A. D, ）, respectively, The amount of some hydrobiological remains, especially Zannichellia sp, , Najas oguraensis, Nyrnphoides peltaturn, Parafossarulus striatulus, Corbicula fluminea and Arcella sp, , which are sensitive to eutrophication occurrence, change in inverse proportion to pigment concentration. Comparison of lake eutrophication history with human activity shows that eutrophication occurrence has a strong relationship with human interference such as intensive reclamarion and flux of agricultural nutrient loss. Lake ecosystem evolution is controlled by major human activities. Our results are significant for better understanding of the interaction between the human activities and the change of lake ecosystem, which facilitates the regulation of lake environment management.

关 键 词：梁子湖 近代沉积物 色素 水生生物遗存 富营养化 

分 类 号：X141[环境科学与工程—环境科学]