走出扶手椅,迈向田野——马林诺夫斯基语境论发展评析  

Stepping out of the Armchair and into the Field——A Historical Survey of Malinowski’s Theory of Context

作　　者：彭利元[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学外国语言文学博士后流动站

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2008年第9期55-58,共4页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金课题“翻译不确定性的哲学阐释”阶段性成果之一(项目编号:20060400696)

摘　　要：马林诺夫斯基通过田野调查深刻地认识到，语言意义的把握必须突破语言语境的局限，结合情景和文化等言外语境因素来考察。然而，马氏语境观经历了漫长的发展历程。先前的语境论主要关注“情景语境”，理论前提是文化整体论，因而对文化语境关注不够。这种思想后来受到挑战，随之马氏也开始关注文化差异性，明确提出“文化语境”概念。马氏语境论的发展，见证了语言研究走出扶手椅，迈向田野，进而扬弃文化整体论，关注文化差异性的良性发展过程。Mainowski studied language from an ethnograhic approach and found it necessary for semantic analysis to go beyond the linguistic context into the context of situation and context of culture. However,it takes a long time for him to develop such a theory of context. Based on cultural integrity,he focused on context of situation and neglected context of culture in his early researches until arguments were raised against his loose ideas of cultural integrity. The development of Malinowski＇s theory of context witnessed a positive process of language study marching out of the armchair and into the field of living human life, ridding off the idea of cultural integrity and casting attention to cultural differences.

关 键 词：马林诺夫斯基 实证主义 情景语境 文化语境 语言功能 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]