准确与流利之间的复杂:均衡发展的任务型指导原则——《英语课程标准》任务型语言学习研究四题之四  

Complexity Between Accuracy and Fluency:TBL Instruction Principles of Balanced Development

作　　者：张思武[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学社科学报编辑部,外国语学院成都610068

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2008年第5期82-91,共10页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要："结构导向"与"交际驱使"任务型语言学习分别代表任务型语言学习理论因为对"形式"与"意义"在语言学习中的不同定位而相互对立的两个极端,前者以损害意义为代价强调形式,以形式准确为主要的目标追求,而后者则以损害形式为代价强调意义,以意义流利为主要的目标追求,结果"结构导向"任务型语言学习因为没有"避免特定的结构"丧失了任务型语言学习本质属性的语言学习过程自然性,有不成其为任务型语言学习之虞,"交际驱使"任务型语言学习则因为没有"专注形式"而不具有语言学习发生的必然性,没有理由声称具有相当的应用语言学价值。斯基汉采取居于结构导向和交际驱使之间的"区别于专注形式的专注形式"中间立场,以通过注意力操控来最大化专注形式的机会为手段实现任务型语言学习均衡发展即形式准确与意义流利之间的"复杂"。斯基汉任务型指导原则在理论上解决了保持学习过程的"自然性"和最大化学习发生的"必然性"这一对矛盾,使其核心的应用语言学价值——促使中间语系统逐渐朝向愈来愈复杂愈来愈接近目的语系统发展。Representing the two opposing extremes of task-based learning （TBL） in terms of their respective relating form and meaning to language learning, ＂structure-orientated＂ TBL emphasizes form to the detriment of meaning and sets accuracy as its main or even sole goal, while ＂communication-driven＂ TBL foeuses on meaning at the cost of form and aims mainly or even solely at fluency of meaning,which results in the fact that the former loses the naturalness of language learning process, the essential property of TBL because it fails in avoidance of specific structures and therefore is likely not in the position to claim to be TBL, while the latter does not possess the necessity of language learning occurrence because it fails to focus on form and therefore loses its ground to claim to have applied linguistic value. Skehan takes a middle ground between ＂structure-orientated＂ TBL and ＂communication-driven＂ TBL and realizes by means of maximizing the chances of a focus on form through manipulation of attention a balanced TBL development that is ＂complexity＂ between form-accuracy and meaning-fluency. Skehan＇ s taskedbased instruction principles theoretically solve the contradiction between maintaining the naturalness of learning process and maximizing the necessity of learning occurrence, whieh leads to the realization of the core value of applied linguistic of TBL - promoting interlanguage system progressively more complex and closer to the target language system.

关 键 词：任务型语言学习/教学 自然性 形式 意义 复杂 结构导向 交际驱使 应用语言学价值 

分 类 号：H319.3[语言文字—英语]