绥满公路路侧典型植被区土壤重金属污染特征及评价研究  

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Roadside Surface Soil in a Typical Vegetation Region of Suiman Highway

作　　者：孙龙[1] 韩丽君[1] 穆立蔷[1] 曹军[1] 何东坡[1] 姜利[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《土壤通报》2008年第5期1149-1154,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：交通部西部项目"寒区高等级公路生态恢复和监测系统研究"(200431800047);哈尔滨市基金项目"哈尔滨城郊防护林遥感判读及景观评价技术研究"(2005AFQXJ022)

摘　　要：以绥满公路(301国道)黑龙江境内海林至亚布力段为研究区,对公路沿线三种典型植被下,距公路不同距离的297个样点表层土壤(0～20cm)中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、As元素含量的分析。结果表明,所调查公路旁侧土壤重金属平均含量与背景值相比,5种金属含量普遍较高,但三种不同类型植被土壤重金属平均含量无显著差异。各种类型土壤的单因子和综合污染指数计算数据显示,Cd类型Ⅰ为重污染,类型Ⅱ和类型Ⅲ为中度污染,Zn、Cu、Pb、As轻度污染,综合污染指数等级均达到中度污染。相关性分析结果显示公路建设营运是造成公路路侧土壤Pb、Cd、Cu等重金属污染的主要原因。复层结构的林带土壤主要污染区距公路约40～60m范围之内,纯乔木组成的林带土壤主要污染区距公路约70～100m范围之内,农田土壤主要污染区距公路约70～100m范围之内。复层结构的林带能阻止重金属污染物向更远处扩散,能缩小公路污染影响范围,纯乔木组成的林带阻止重金属污染物扩散效果不明显。Concentrations of heavy metals （Pb, Cd, Cu, different types vegetation along the Hailin-Yabuli road of Zn and As） were investigated in roadside surface soil under national highway 301 in Heilongjiang province. Soil samples （297）were collected at different distances （0-100m） on the downwind sides along the road. The contamination of heavy metals in the soil samples was determined. The results showed that the average concentration of 5 elements were universally higher than the local background value. The average concentrations of five elements were not remarkable difference. The status of soil pollution by heavy metals was evaluated by using single factor pollution index （Pi） and integrated pollution index. The roadside surface soil was lightly polluted by Cu, Pb, Zn and As, the soil of type Ⅰ was seriously polluted by Cd and type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ was moderately polluted by Cd. Correlation analysis indicated that the traffic and construction of road absolutely impacted the contamination of Pb, Cd and Cu in the roadside soils. Main pollution extents of the soil showed that the soil of type Ⅰ did not extend much beyond 40-60m, and the soil of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ did not extend much beyond 70-100m.Complex structure forest belt can prevent of pollutant dispersion and reduce the impact from road and traffic, but simple arbor forest belt do not reduce the effect by the traffic pollution.

关 键 词：路侧 典型植被区 土壤 重金属污染 评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]