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作 者:赵卫东[1]
机构地区:[1]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,河南郑州450002
出 处:《塔里木大学学报》2008年第3期1-7,共7页Journal of Tarim University
基 金:日本学术振兴会特别研究员基金(编号:P-02228);国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:30570267)
摘 要:近交系小鼠DDK具有一种被称为“DDK综合症”的奇异特性:如同品系内交配一样,DDK雄鼠能够使其它近交系雌鼠正常受孕。但是,当DDK雌鼠与其它近交系雄鼠交配时,F1受精卵在妊娠3~5日因胚泡形成障碍而死亡,使得DDK雌鼠几乎不孕。这种特性是由于DDK卵子细胞质物质和其它品系精子因子之间存在的一种不亲和性引起的,它们二者均受到位于小鼠第11条染色体的卵子突变(OvumMutant或Om)位点上的一对等位基因所控制。本文介绍的新研究成果包括:第一、发现了存在于C57BL/6(B6)品系小鼠遗传背景中的新的修饰基因,其使得杂合型(Om/+)雌鼠的胚胎死亡率增加,并提出了解释修饰基因作用机理的“等位基因排斥表达”假说;第二、论证了DDK品系本身遗传背景中不具有使杂合型(Om/+)雌鼠胚胎死亡率降低的修饰基因;第三、证明了小鼠遗传背景中,不存在通过杂合型(Om/+)公鼠的精子影响DDK(Om/Om)雌鼠胚胎死亡率高低的修饰基因;第四、通过不同亚种问近交系小鼠的杂交,得到了如下重大发现:在欧洲起源的DDK品系(Musmusculusdomesticus)和日本起源的MOM品系(M.m.molossinus),以及和菲律宾起源的CASP品系(M.m.castaneus)之间,不存在卵子细胞质物质和精子的不亲和性,但CASP品系的卵子细胞质物质与瞒品系的精子间可能存在着不亲和性;第五、发现和定位了存在于B6品系遗传背景中导致杂合型(Om/+)雌鼠胚胎死亡率升高的修饰基因(结果尚未发表)。Inbred strain of mice DDK shows a unique property known as "DDK.syndrome". DDK males can normally fertilize the fe- males of other inbred strains as in intrastrain mating, while the females of DDK strain are mostly infertile when mated with males of oth- er inbred strains, because of the death of Flzygotes due to failure in blastocyst formation. This is caused by an incompatibility between tile cytoplasmic substance of DDK eggs and the sperm factor of other strains, and both of them are controlled by the alleles at the ovum mutant (Om) locus on mouse Chromosome 11. The present paper reviews the following new research results : 1 ) there exists a new modifier gene which increases the embryonic mortality in the heterozygous (Om/+ ) females having C57BL/6(B6) background genes in large proportions, and a hypothesis of the "allelic exclusion" was proposed for explaining the participation of a modifier gene; 2 ) there exists no a modifier gene which decreases the embryonic mortality in the heterozygous ( Ore/+ ) females having DDK background genes in large proportions; 3 ) there exists no modifier gene which influences the embryonic mortality of DDK (Om/Om) females through the sperm of the heterozygous ( Om/+ ) male; 4) following very important findings were indicated by the intersubspecifie cros- ses that there are no incompatibilities between the cytoplasmic substance of eggs and the spermatozoa of males among DDK ( origin from Europe, Mus. musculus, domesticus), MOM (origin: Japanese wild mice, M. m. molossinus ) and CASP (origin: Philippine wild mice, M. m. castaneus) strains, but, it may be possible that there exists an incompatibility between the cytoplasmic substance of CASP eggs and the spermatozoa of B6 males. 5 ) identification and location of the Ovum Mutant modifier ( Ommf) which induced the (Om/+ )female mice embryos death rate risef the result is not reported).
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