论北魏灭佛之特点  

On Characteristics of Exterminating Buddhism in Northern Wei

作　　者：张箭[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2008年第5期73-79,共7页Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：台湾中流文教基金项目(四川大学)

摘　　要：北魏太武帝灭佛是中国历史上大规模反佛的第一次,较之以后的三次反佛,它具有以下鲜明的特点:一曰最为严厉残酷,长安地区的各寺僧侣大部被杀;二乃起因最独特,主要是政治原因,包括少数寺院僧侣可能图谋造反;三为当时朝廷与佛门间的经济矛盾最小,全境的僧尼数只占北魏全国人口约1/400;四即灭佛持续最久,长达十四五年;五为结束得最突然意外,灭佛决策者太武帝竟遭太监宗爱谋杀,灭佛也就人亡政息了。研究这些特点,有助于我们对北魏灭佛及后三次"法难"事件的整体把握与诠释。The extermination of Buddhism in Northern Wei is the first of opposing Buddhism in large scale in Chinese history. It has got some obvious characteristics as the following in comparison with the three oppositions of Buddhism later on. The first char- acteristic is the severest and cruelest, that the most Buddhist monks of all temples in Chang^m region are killed. The second lies in the most unique cause of the event, being mainly political one that some monks of a few Buddhist temples might plot a rebel- lion. The third means that the economic contradiction between the royal government and Buddhist circle is the least then, because the quantity of Buddhist monks and nuns in Northern Wei occupies about 1/400 of whole population under its rule. The forth is the longest of the extermination of Buddhism lasting 14 - 15 years. The last is that the event ends the most suddenly and unex- pectedly. Taiwu Emperor, the decider of exterminating Buddhism is assassinated by an eunuch Zong Ai, resulting the end of ex- terminating Buddhism. Studying these characteristics will benefit us to grasp totally and annotate the event of exterminating Bud- dhism bythe Northern Wei Dynasty and other three events opposing Buddhism.

关 键 词：北魏灭佛 五个特点 太武帝 后三次“法难” 

分 类 号：K239.21[历史地理—历史学]