下颌骨体部撞击伤和高速投射物伤的生物力学初步研究  

A preliminary study on biomechanics characteristics of impact injury and high velocity projectile injury in mandibular body

作　　者：任常群[1] 刘瑞峰[2] 刘桂才[3] 田磊[3] 

机构地区：[1]福建泉州解放军第180医院,362000 [2]河北保定解放军第252医院 [3]西安第四军医大学口腔医学院

出　　处：《实用口腔医学杂志》2008年第5期699-702,共4页Journal of Practical Stomatology

基　　金：南京军区医学科研“十一五”计划基金项目(编号:06MA106)

摘　　要：目的:对下颌骨体部撞击伤和高速投射物伤进行生物力学初步研究。方法:采用水平气动式多功能生物撞击机,分别造成离体犬头下颌骨体部的撞击伤和高速投射物伤,测试致伤过程中的一些生物力学参数并进行分析。结果:撞击伤时下颌骨体部产生的冲击加速度远远大于高速投射物伤;冲击波作用于体表后,到达下颌骨表面的冲击波压力峰值迅速衰减,撞击伤衰减更为严重;撞击伤和高速投射物伤情况下,随着与伤区距离的增加,下颌骨的应变和应变率都呈迅速递减的变化规律,与相应部位牙齿和下牙槽神经血管束的损伤程度变化规律相符合。结论:下颌骨的应变和应变率是衡量邻近组织、器官间接损伤程度的重要生物力学指标,其中应变率较应变值更能反映出创伤程度。Objective：To make a preliminary study on biomechanics characteristics of impact injury and high velocity projectile injury in mandibular body. Methods： A new type of level air-pushed multifunctional bio-impactor device was used for implementing impact injuries or high velocity projectile injuries of mandibular body of excised dog＇s head. Biomechanics parameters were obtained and analyzed statistically. Results： Impact acceleration of mandibular body generated by impact injury was much greater than that created by high velocity projectile injury. The pressure peak of shock wave attenuated quickly and sharply from the body surface to the mandibular surface, especially in impact injury. The mandibular strain and strain rate both decreased progressively and sharply as the distance to the wound increased, no matter in impact injury or in high velocity projectile injury; which was consistent with the characteristics of indirect injury of teeth and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Conclusion：Strain and strain rate of mandible are significant biomechanical parameters in measurement of indirect injury of adjacent tissues and organs. Strain rate is more valuable in measurement of injury seriousness.

关 键 词：创伤 下颌骨 撞击伤 高速投射物 生物力学 

分 类 号：R782.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]